Atomic Trends: Ionic Size

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Trends: Ionic Size 7 14.007 O 8 16.000 F 9 18.998 Na 11 22.990 Mg 12 24.305 Al 13 26.981 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p63s1 1s22s22p63s2 1s22s22p63s23p1 + 3e- + 2e- + 1e- - 1e- - 2e- - 3e- N3- O2- F1- Na1+ Mg2+ Al3+ 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p6 Ionic Radius Isoelectronic with neon, a noble gas! (i.e. have the same electronic configuration.) N3- Ne 10 20.18 O2- F1- WHY? 1s22s22p6 Na1+ Increasing nuclear charge (Z) attracts the 1s, 2s and 2p electrons more strongly  smaller ion! Mg2+ Al3+ 7p+ 8p+ 9p+ 11p+ 12p+ 13p+

Magnetism: O2(l) N2(l) Paramagnetic: Attracted by magnetic fields Diamagnetic: Not attracted by magnetic fields http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/clcwebsite -183.0°C (-297.3°F). O2(l) N2(l) -195.8 C (-320.4 F) ...contains NO unpaired electrons ...contains unpaired electrons

Metals, Non-metals and Metaloids Low Ionization Energies (easy to remove e-) High Ionization Energies (Difficult to remove e-) High Electron Affinities (additional e- not welcome) Low Electron Affinities (additional e- VERY welcome)

Why Are There Multiple Charge States Why Are There Multiple Charge States? Finally, an answer to this “pesky” question. Question: What are the common ions for lead (Pb)? Answer: Pb2+ Pb4+ Pb 82 207.2 Why? Pb 2e- + Pb2+ 2e- + Pb4+ [Xe] 6s2 5d10 6p2 [Xe] 6s2 5d10 [Xe] 5d10 ... 6s2 electrons (“inert pair”) are removed next ...outer 6p2 electrons are removed first pseudo-noble gas electron configuration