Chapter 20: Plant Diversity

Section One: Origins of Plant Life Plants Multicellular eukaryotes, most of which produce their own food through photosynthesis and have adapted to life on land Adaptation for Land Life Cuticle: waxy, waterproof later that holds in moisture Stomata: tiny holes in the cuticle that allow for water and gas exchange Vascular System: collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperse sugars down from the leaves Have xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports sugars) Pollen grain: male part of the flower where sperm will develop Seed: storage device for the plant embryo that protects it from drying out

Section Two: Classification of Plants Types of Plants Nonvascular Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts Rely on growing close to water and nutrients Vascular Club Mosses, Ferns, Angiosperms, and Gymnosperms Angiosperms and gymnosperms produce seeds and rely on pollination ( pollen combines with the female parts of the flower) Gymnosperms: seed plants whose seeds are not in a fruit Angiosperm: seed plant that has seeds enclosed in a fruit Also called flowering plants Fruit: mature ovary of the flower