Prototype UN Air Travel CO2 Calculator Ted Thrasher Environmental Officer – ICAO Issue Management Group Climate Neutral UN 24 November 2008

Overview Introduction to ICAO and CAEP Overview of ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator (public) Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology Introduction to Aviation Carbon Calculator (UN Prototype) Project Status Non-CO2 Multipliers for Aviation Next Steps

International Civil Aviation Organization Specialized Agency of the United Nations Created in 1944 by the Convention on International Civil Aviation Membership: 190 Contracting States Strategic Objective on Environmental Protection : Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment

Environmental Protection Context: Past/Future growth Increased public awareness New information emerging on problems to which civil aviation may be contributing

ICAO’s Work on the Environment ICAO has been working with environmental issues since 1960s ICAO’s current activities are largely carried out through its Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP)

Environmental Protection ICAO Assembly Council Air Transport Committee Air Navigation Commission Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection

CAEP Membership 22 Member States Global representation 13 Observers Primary aviation stakeholder representation Airlines, air navigation service providers, airports, manufacturers, UN (UNFCCC, WMO), international coalition of NGOs

ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator www.icao.int Transparent Easy-to-use Publicly available Delivers consistent estimates of CO2 – suitable for use with offset programs Link to Methodology Significant public interest – feedback averages 1 message per day

Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology Methodology Development Team Aviation Carbon Estimation (ACE) and later Aviation Carbon Calculator Support (ACCS) group formed within CAEP Membership ICAO Secretariat International Coalition for Sustainable Aviation - ICSA* Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (BR) Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (AU) Department for Transport / Manchester Metropolitan University (UK) International Air Transport Association - IATA International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations - ICCAIA Luftfartsstyrelsens (SE) National Air Navigation Services Company (EG) Transport Canada (CA) *ACCS Group lead

Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology (cont.) Objective User-friendly, unbiased, tool to compute carbon emissions from air travel Best publicly available data Fully documented

Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology (cont.) Assumptions Only passengers are modelled (currently) Weighted average of all aircraft types serving city-pair, based on market share All economy seating configuration assumed Passenger + bags (economy) = 100 kg Passengers flying in “premium” class assessed 2x CO2 of economy passengers Load factors applied based on 17 route-groups Aircraft fly no-wind, great circle distance profile, plus a “correction factor” to account for airspace system inefficiencies and weather Individual aircraft types mapped to types where performance data are available

Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology (cont.) Data Sources Aircraft types and frequency of flights: OAG Aircraft fuel consumption: CORINAIR Passenger load factor: ICAO collected data Passenger to Cargo ratio: ICAO collected data Aircraft seat configuration: ICAO collected data

Aviation Carbon Calculation Methodology (concl.) Origin and Destination Airports CORINAIR OAG Pax:Cargo Ratio Load Factor CO2 for Selected Trip Weighted Average Fuel Burn Number of Economy Passengers Great Circle Distance + Correction Factor Class of Service CO2 per Economy Passenger Class of Service Factor

UN Prototype Aviation Carbon Calculator Motivation Climate Neutral Initiative requires inventories of CO2 from all UN Organizations Aviation CO2 emissions estimated in a variety of ways UN-wide UN aviation expert is ICAO Peer reviewed, internationally approved tool available to leverage

UN Prototype Aviation Carbon Calculator UN Air Travel Data Sources Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) Atlas Other

UN Prototype Aviation Carbon Calculator Requirements Microsoft Excel Windows XP SP2 or higher Input Data 3-letter (IATA) airport code for each leg of the trip Class of service used Travel data should include trips by air only (this is an aviation carbon calculator)

Sample IMIS Data

UN Prototype Aviation Carbon Calculator

UN Prototype Aviation Carbon Calculator (concl.)

Project Status For offices running IMIS Some manual conversion of data necessary to ensure proper 3-letter airport codes available for each leg With data in a consistent format, prototype is functional and will be provided for testing For offices running Atlas UNDP is meeting internally to discuss how to provide travel data in a consistent format For other systems Technical points of contact have been identified and are being contacted

Non-CO2 Multipliers for Aviation IPCC Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere (1999), at ICAO’s request Estimated aircraft in 1992 contributed to 3.5% to total radiative forcing with an RFI of 2.7 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) – reflects additional research Estimated aircraft in 2005 contributed to 3.0% of total radiative forcing, with an RFI of 1.9 RFI is not intended as a multiplier of CO2 emissions RFI is a backward-looking metric – not for evaluating future scenarios Effects beyond CO2 need to be accounted for scientifically Other metrics such as Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP) are in development, but are not yet available Legal, Budgetary, Credibility issues with applying multipliers based on immature science Given these considerations, the ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator reports CO2 only

Conclusions and Next Steps ICAO is developing an interface to the Aviation Carbon Emissions Calculator that can be used by every travel office in the UN system Directly supports the UN Climate Neutral Initiative UNEP offices running IMIS part of initial test Working to resolve mode of travel issue with Atlas Following test period, tool will be made more broadly available within the UN system

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