Principles of communication Types of communication…. 1

Types of communication…. Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal communication (social, theraputic)

intrapersonal communication intrapersonal communication takes place within one persons (an activity that occurs within your own body). It is meant to reflect oneself to clarify something.

There are some concepts that are interrelated with intrapersonal communication 1. Self-conception: It is the one of the concepts of intrapersonal communication because it determines how he sees himself and which to oriented to others. It is also known as self-awareness. There are several factors effecting the communication.

Belief: It is self-orientation to know what is true or false, good or bad. It might be descriptive or prescriptive.    Values: Values are integral part of belief to determine what is right or wrong. It is a deep seated foundation lying within the person’s mind and concept. Attitude: It is a learned idea of the person and it is generally consistent with value. It is often emotional.

types of intrapersonal communications Self-talk (Internal discourse): is language use or thought internal to the communicator. It can be useful to imagine intrapersonal communication occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver, and feedback loop. Internal discourse relates to thinking, concentrating and analysing within one self. It might of day dreaming, praying or meditating. Solo-vocal: It is that communication which takes place while one shouts loudly for clarifying one-self or rehearsing, when you are talking to yourselves when students don’t do homework properly, you might talk yourself to remind on the next time to  redo it. Solo-written communication: It deals with writing for oneself and not for others. Like writing notes for your future use.

Interpersonal communication Is a dynamic two-way circular process in which all types of information are shared between two or more people and their environment.

Social therapeutic Friends, family, acquaintances Home, away from work Mutual sharing of information, thoughts, feelings to maintain relationship Spontaneous, superficial, light, focuses on both Helper and client Clinical setting Promote growth and change in clients Learned skills, purposeful, client focused. 12

Therapeutic communication… a process in which the nurse consciously influences a client or helps the client to a better understanding through verbal or nonverbal communication. Therapeutic communication involves the use of specific strategies that encourage the patient to express feelings and ideas and that convey acceptance and respect.

an interactive process between nurse and client that is goal-directed to help the client overcome temporary stress, to get along with other people, to adjust to the unalterable, and to overcome psychological blocks which stand in the way of self-realization .

In summary it has 3 essential purposes: To allow the client to express thoughts, feelings, behaviors and life experiences, and life experiences in a meaningful way in order to promote healthy growth To understand the significance of the client’s problems and the role of the client and the significant people in his or her life To assist in the identification and resolution processes of the client’s problem areas

Personal elements important for therapeutic communication. The nurse’s use of self is a primary tool in the therapeutic relationship All of the elements essential to help another individual are within the nurse. Therapeutic use of self begins with knowing oneself Knowing the self is a complex lifelong learning process It is essential to have selfknowledge for a better use of therapeutic self

The core of self knowledge is: the nurse’s ability to correctly identify negative or unresolved issues of the self What values and beliefs the nurse’s hold Important to know and understand own family background (dynamic and cultural) and social issues (values, biases and prejudices)

Since therapeutic communication occurs for the purpose of helping others, it is vital that nurses understand what motivates them to help others

the nurse needs to be able to conduct a periodic self evaluation to her/his responses to the client: Am I open or closed minded regarding ……. Am I accepting Am I being supportive Am I objective Am I remaining calm, what are my true feelings

Johari Window model… The Johari Window model is a simple and useful tool for illustrating and improving self-awareness, and mutual understanding between individuals within a group.

The Johari Window model is also referred to as a 'disclosure/feedback model of self awareness', and by some people an 'information processing tool'. The Johari Window actually represents information - feelings, experience, views, attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation, etc - within or about a person - in relation to their group, from four perspectives, which are described below.

The Johari Window's four regions, (areas, quadrants, or perspectives) are as follows, showing the quadrant numbers and commonly used names:

Johari window…

1.what is known by the person about him/herself and is also known by others - open area, open self, free area, free self, or 'the arena' 2.what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know - blind area, blind self, or 'blindspot'

3.what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know - hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self 4.what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others - unknown area or unknown self

The aspects of the self to which this applies include the five dimensions of the self; accordingly the information might be about the physical, intellectual, emotional, social, or spiritual dimensions of the person.

In developing therapeutic communication with the client and while working on your self-awareness: the nurse widens the areas 1 &2 as trust occurs the client will talk about him self ( self disclosure) by this the area one become wider and area 3 becomes smaller. Also as the client develops more insight and awareness about his problem more information will be added to area (Growth)

To enlarge the open area the person has to disclose from the private or hidden knowledge about self to others and this sharing needs to express feelings and ideas in a trusting safe and secure atmosphere. Trust that the other will understand you as you want. Without judging you or blaming, with acceptance. Also the open area will enlarge as the person seeks feedback from others, the feedback is given accurately through active listening, acceptance, understanding, empathizing, caring, and constructive confrontation.

Johari windows openness to the world Recognizes and develops potential . Johari windows openness to the world Recognizes and develops potential increased capacity for experiences of all kinds , Joy, hate , work … few defenses , spontaneous, honest 1   2 3 4

Johari windows closed to the world Rigid in capable of development and growth Little experiences in life   1   2 3 4

How become more Self- aware? Steps in self awareness Listing to your self (Introspection) Introspection = Trusting oneself = Being honest with oneself = Accepting self = Challenging oneself. Its paying attention to your thoughts and Feeling , let them come into awareness. Do not push them out of awareness. Listing to others/ ( Feed back ) In put from others / Interactive Reflection) It opens area # of the self ( Blind )Therapeutic Confrontation: communication by which the person or nurse has the intent to raise patient’s awareness of incongruities in feelings, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. Timing and trust are important in confrontation. Also it must be immediate, specific, non-accusatory, and non-interpretive to be effective.The purpose is to bring the maladaptive behavior to conscious level. Feedback by the teacher to students, Telling others about self and letting others to listen to you. ( self- sharing ) ( self- disclosure)In order to become open an atmosphere of trust, caring, understanding, acceptance, empathy, respect, warmth, genuine, must be insured to make both persons psychologically safe to disclose self and receive feedback, and change behavior.