Cabling Technology and Standards

Networks Data Communication Transfer of digital data between between 2 or more remotely attached autonomous systems in a reliable and understandable manner

Networks Network – data communication between 2 or more devices with the ability to access shared resources LAN - local area network WAN - wide area network

Networks Topologies Bus Ring Star

Networks Components Hubs Switches Routers

Networks Components (Cont.) Hub connects multiple devices on same network via individual dedicated cable runs (star topology) Switch provides a dedicated communication channel between network devices

Networks Components (Cont.) Router connects between entities residing on different networks

Cabling Standards

Common Abbreviations ACR - Attenuation to Cross-Talk Ratio P.ACR - Power Sum Attenuation to Cross-Talk Ratio BER - Bit Error Rate FEXT - Far End Cross-Talk NEXT - Near End Cross-Talk P.S. NEXT - Power Sum Near End Cross-Talk ELFEXT - Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk P.S. ELFEXT - Power Sum Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk STP - Shielded Twisted Pair TSB - Telecommunications Systems Bulletin UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair Alien XT - Alien Cross Talk

Standards Organizations EIA/TIA (USA) Electrical/Telecommunication Industries Association ANSI American National Standards Institute ISO/IEC International Organization for Standardization International Electrotechnical Commission CENELC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

World Structured Cabling Standards ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 and B.2 ratified in 2001, CAT5 / CAT5E ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 ratified in 2002, CAT6 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10 finalized May 2008, CAT6a ISO/IEC 2nd edition generic cabling standard 11801 ratified in 2002 CENELEC generic cabling standard EN 50173-1 ratified in 2002

Standards History ANSI / TIA / EIA-568 ANSI/EIA/TIA 568 published in 1991 The 1st Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard The original document, together with TSB-36 & TSB-40 specified the basic transmission requirements of Category 3, 4 & 5 ANSI/EIA/TIA 568A published in 1995 Recognized Cables for Horizontal Cabling: 4 pair 100 UTP cables (including S/UTP) 2 pair 150  STP cables (IBM TYPE-1A) 2 fiber 62.5/125µ and 50/125µ fiber-optic cable

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B series ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General Infrastructure requirements Copper and Fiber ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Copper requirements Cat3, Cat5, Cat5E ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Fiber requirements

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-1 series General Requirements B-1.1 Minimum 4 pair UTP and ScTP patch cable bend radius B-1.2 Bonding and Grounding B-1.3 Supportable distances and Channel Attenuation for F/O applications by Fiber type B-1.4 Recognition of CAT6 and 850 nm Laser-Optimized 50/125 µm MM F/O cabling B-1.5 Cabling for Telecommunication Enclosures B-1.6 PoE (Power Over Ethernet) B-1.7 F/O connectivity Methods for Polarity

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B-2 series Copper B-2.1 Category 6 specifications B-2.2 Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components B-2.3 IL & RL Pass/Fail Determination B-2.4 Solderless Connection Reliability Requirements for Copper Connecting Hardware B-2.5 Corrections to TIA/EIA-568-B.2 B-2.6 Cat 6 Related Component Test Procedures B-2.7 Reliability Specification Requirements for Copper Connecting Hardware B-2.8 Additional Component Req. for DTE Power B-2.9 Additional Cat 6 Balance Requirements & Measurement Procedures B-2.10 Augmented Cat 6 Cabling (10G)) B-2.11 increased UTP and ScTP Cable Diameter

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B-3 series Fiber B-3.1 Laser Optimized (OM-3) MM – 10 Gigabit TSB 140 – Additional Guidelines for Field-Testing Length, Loss and Polarity of Optical Fiber Cabling Systems

CELENEC EN 50173-1 Series EN 50173-1 General Requirements EN 50173-2 Office (Commercial) Premises EN 50173-3 Industrial Premises EN 50173-4 Residential Premises EN 50173-5 Data Centers

Testing Parameters

Link & Channel definitions Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Link - The transmission between any two interfaces of generic cabling without equipment & work area cables (where an optional transition connection is allowed) Maximum Link length is 90 Mtrs Channel - The end-to-end transmission path connecting any two pieces of application specific equipment with equipment & work area cables Maximum Channel length is 100 Mtrs

CAT5 100 MHz Testing Link Performance of UTP cables in horizontal cabling Field test parameters: Wire Map Length Attenuation Near-End Cross Talk (NEXT) Characteristic Impedance is not tested

CAT5E-100 MHz - Testing CAT6-250 MHz - Testing CAT6a-500 MHz - Testing CAT5E, CAT6, CAT6a CAT5E-100 MHz - Testing CAT6-250 MHz - Testing CAT6a-500 MHz - Testing Attenuation NEXT Powersum NEXT Wire Map Length ELFEXT Powersum ELFEXT Return Loss Delay Delay Skew

Categories and Classes Category- specification for components – cables, patch panels, communication outlets Class- specification for system application on full channel CAT5 / Class D CAT6 / Class E CAT6a / New Class E CAT7 / Class F CAT8 / Class G

Categories -Summary CAT3 – 10 Mbit, 16 MHz CAT4 – 16 Mbit, 20 MHz CAT5E – 10/100/1000 Mbit, 100 MHz CAT6 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit 55m channel, (STP), 250 MHz CAT6A – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit UTP and STP, 500 MHz CAT7 – 10/100/1000 Mbit + 10Gbit, 600 MHz) CAT7A – STP, Tera connector, 1 GHz CAT8 – SOHO, 1200 MHz, 50m channel

Classes - Summary A – 100 kHz (voice) B – 1 MHz (ISDN…) C – 16 MHz (Token Ring…) D – 100 MHz (fast Ethernet, Gigabit Eternet) E – 200 MHz usage / 250 MHz testing F – 600 MHz usage / 750 MHz testing G – 1200 MHz usage / 1500 MHz testing

Categories and Protocols 10BaseT 100BaseT (4 pairs CAT4) 100BaseTX (2 pairs CAT5 – pins 1,2 and 3,6) 1000BaseT (4 pairs CAT5E full duplex) 1000BaseTX (4 pairs CAT6 – 2 pairs Tx and 2 pairs Rx) 10GBaseT (4 pairs CAT7 full duplex) Maximum channel length 100m

Category 6 Standard ratified in 2002 Bandwidth 250 MHz 1GBit Ethernet applications Protocol running 1000BaseTx Full UTP/STP solutions The 1000BaseT protocol (IEEE) consists upon Cat5e ACR. Since the Cat5e has poor ACR the active switches needs to have a very good SNR – Signal to Noise Ratio (equivalent to ACR) to submit and receive the Ethernet signals. that effects on the cost of switches. Due to the fact that the Cat 6 has good ACR, in compare to Cat5e, the active switches can have least SNR and by that to be much more cheaper. Furthermore, you still can say that when using 1000BaseT and Cat6 you will have very low BER (Bit Error Rate) and that will increase your network reliability.

Category 6a Standard ratified in 2008 Augmented CAT6 Channel up to 100 m Bandwidth 500 MHz UTP and STP solutions New cable design (Horizontal and patch cords) Issues with Alien CrossTalk (AXT)

Category 7 CAT7 – draft stage Addressing broadband applications such as Video Standadized by ISO/IEC and Cenelec (EN) Bandwidth 600 MHz STP solution only Proposed connectors Siemon Tera – not compatible with RJ45 Nexans GG45

Category 7 Connectors New connector design Two compliant interface designs currently exist Very little is installed, or projected to be installed, over the next two years NEXANS - GG45 Jack and GP45 Plug The Siemon Company - Tera™

IEEE 802.3an - 10GBaseT Bandwidth 500 MHz Can run on CAT6 systems but limited to 55m channel– IEEE says this is sufficient for 70% of 10Gbit installations which are in Data Centers On CAT6a systems full 100m channel

Future developments (Increasing need for speed) IEEE 802.3 HSSG (higher speed study group) 40/100 Gb/s (design goal) Sm optical fibre, 10 km MM optical fibre (OM3), 100 m Copper, 10 m, STP cabling eight pairs Development plan with schedule for standard in November 2009

Wire Map Standards 568A 568B Pair 1 (Blue) Pair 1 (Blue) Pair 2 (Orange) Pair 3 (Green) Pair 2 (Orange) Pair 4 (Brown) Pair 3 (Green) Pair 4 (Brown)

Official Certifications RiT products are officially approved by the following institutions: DELTA (Denmark) ETL (USA) SEV (Switzerland)