DATABASE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT physical data model Zatil Ridh'wah Hj Darot

database design

database design methodology Step 1- The methodology started by producing a conceptual data model. Step 2 - Derived a set of relations to produce a logical data model. The derived relations were validated to ensure they were correctly structured using the technique of normalization to ensure that they ______________- the transactions the users require. Step 3 - the designer must decide how to translate the logical database design (that is, the entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints) into a physical database design that can be implemented using the target DBMS.

database model level A Conceptual model represents reality in an abstracted form that can be used in developing an information system in a wide variety of formats (e.g. relational, object-oriented, flat-file, etc.) It is hardware and software independent It is independent of any logical model type A Logical model ______________ in the format required by a particular database model (e.g. relational or object-oriented) Is still hardware and software independent Depends on the chosen logical model type A Physical model is created specifically for a particular database software package Is dependent on hardware, software, and on the chosen logical model type

physical database design The process of selecting data storage and data access characteristics of database.

software development Different software development options for developing the relational database system includes: Purchase commercial off the shelf software Build in-house Outsource to _______________

Purchase commercial off the shelf software Pros cons Cost effective Free trials allow you to try before you buy Tried and tested solutions Almost ________________ after purchase May include additional features that you don't need or may never use Adapting to changes within the business may not be available Cannot own the rights to the system Possible future upgrade, ______________, and other additional fees

build in-house Easier planning and changing up to recent requirements pros cons Easier planning and changing up to recent requirements Less to be spent on ___________ Shorter communication routes Opportunity to gain experience and learn - developing products by knowledge on how to make them More staff needed to complete all the tasks Specialist knowledge required New challenges to be faced (resource planning, new infrastructure, management of storage space, etc)

Outsource to third party vendor pros cons You can focus your energy on what matters most for your business Professionals can get work done faster because it takes less time Your business gets more ___________________ You’ll save time (and money, because your time is money you’re missing out on — more on that later) Needs much more work in finding the right companies to outsource to Dependent on the external supplier's deadline (risk of delaying the project) Cost of logistics Threat to Security and _______________

references Conolly, T. and Begg, C. (2014) Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management. 6th Ed. Global Edition. Pearson.