#13 List the 4 steps of the technological Design process.

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Presentation transcript:

#13 List the 4 steps of the technological Design process. Then follow directions on the white board. Answer: Students should draw a nucleotide and label the phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. (3 pts for parts, 2 points for correct bonds)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqcwWCa84Ig&scrlybrkr=cb0dc660 1

What are Macromolecules? Macromolecules – large organic molecules (meaning they contain carbon) used for various functions in living things We can’t live without them!! EVERYTHING we will learn for the rest of the semester will be based upon one of these macromolecules 2

Most macromolecules are polymers, built of monomers. Monomers and Polymers Most macromolecules are polymers, built of monomers. Monomers: small, basic unit (ex. think Brick) Polymers: complex structure made of monomers (ex. think Brick House) 3

Types of Macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids 4

Carbohydrates Main Function= short-term ENERGY Other uses = structure/support Found in: sugar and starch (therefore breads, pastas, fruits and veggies) 5

2 types of Carbohydrates: a. Monomer = Monosaccharides – single sugar molecules Ex. Glucose, Galactose, Fructose b. Polymer = Polysaccharides – large molecules formed by monosaccharides. Ex. Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose 6

Energy Storage of Carbs 4 calories/milligram Because it is short term energy, your body can access it very easily so it is the FIRST thing you will break down to get energy when you need it! 7

Lipids Main Function= Long-term Energy Storage Other uses = cushioning organs, insulation, hormones, cell membrane Found in: Fats, oils, phospholipids (in the cell membrane), steroids 8

Lipids Monomer = Fatty Acids Polymer = fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, hormones Energy Storage = 9 calories/milligram When your body runs out of carbs, it will then break down lipids to get energy 9

Phospholipids = a special lipid Structure = 2 fatty acids and one phosphate. These molecules are found making up the plasma membrane of cells. The phosphate group is hydrophilic while the fatty acid area is hydrophobic.   10

Vocabulary Cards 1. Macromolecules 2. Carbohydrates 3. Monosaccharides 4. Polysaccharides 5. Lipids (fats) 6. Glycerol 7. Fatty Acid 8. Proteins 9. Amino Acids 10. Nucleic Acid 11. Nucleotides Vocabulary Cards

Which macromolecule is used for short term energy? Exit Ticket Which macromolecule is used for short term energy?

#16 1. What does the prefix “Macro” mean? 2. What macromolecule is used for short term energy? 3. What is a monosaccharide? 4. What are lipids used for? 5. What macromolecule does your body burn for long term energy? Answers: (1 pt each) Large Carbohydrates Simple sugar; monomer of carbs; glucose Long-term energy storage, insulation, or cushioning of organs Lipids

Proteins Most diverse macromolecule Most abundant macromolecule (make up 50% of cell’s biomass) They literally RUN your body!! 11

Functions of Proteins 1. Enzymes control the rate of chemical reactions 2. Hormones regulate cell processes (ex. Insulin) 3. Used to form bones and muscles (ex. Collagen) 4. Transports substances in & out of cells (ex. Hemoglobin) 5. Antibodies help fight diseases 6. Food source (Ex. Casein in milk) 12

Proteins Found in = meats, nuts, Greek yogurt, etc. Examples in your body include hemoglobin and insulin Monomer = Amino Acids Polymer = Polypeptide (amino acids are linked together by a peptide bond) Energy Storage = 4 calories/milligram Because they have so many other uses though, they are the LAST thing your body will break down if it needs energy 13

Importance of Folding: Form dictates function The shape of the protein determines what it does 14

Nucleic Acids Main Function: store & transmit hereditary or genetic information Ex. DNA, RNA You get them from your PARENTS not your food! 15

Nucleic Acids Structure Monomers = nucleotides Polymer = Nucleic Acid Ex. A, G, T, C, U 5-carbon sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Polymer = Nucleic Acid Ex. DNA and RNA 16

Energy Storage of Nucleic Acids 0 calories/milligram Nucleic Acids are NOT EVER broken down for energy!! They don’t even store any energy!! Great summary video to watch after is this Crash Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0 21 17

Vocabulary Cards 1. Macromolecules 2. Carbohydrates 3. Monosaccharides 4. Polysaccharides 5. Lipids (fats) 6. Glycerol 7. Fatty Acid 8. Proteins 9. Amino Acids 10. Nucleic Acid 11. Nucleotides Vocabulary Cards

What macromolecule does your body never break down for energy? Exit Ticket What macromolecule does your body never break down for energy? Nucleic acid

#17 Starches and sugars are which macromolecule? What macromolecule is used for contracting muscles? What macromolecule is composed of fatty acids? Which macromolecule stores our genetic information? What is the polymer of proteins? Answers: (1 pt each) Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Polypeptides

#18 1. List the order in which our body breaks down the macromolecules to get energy. 2. What macromolecule makes up the cell membrane? Answers: First carbs, then lipids, last proteins, and NEVER Nucleic Acids. (4) Lipids (1)

Watch Video for review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0- (14 minute summary video)

Practice Make a macromolecules foldable. -include main function, found in, monomer, polymer, and energy storage. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqR6l-A2quA&feature=youtu.be

Exit Ticket Nucleic acid

#19 1. Draw a phospholipid and label its parts. Answer: The head should be labeled Head, Hydrophilic, and Polar. (2.5) The two tails should be labeled Tails, Hydrophobic, and Nonpolar. (2.5)

Exit Ticket Nucleic acid

#20 1. Draw the monomer of a nucleic acid and label its three parts. Answer: Students should draw a nucleotide and label the phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. (3 pts for parts, 2 points for correct bonds)

Exit Ticket Nucleic acid