And Then the War Came The Civil War 1861-1865

Fort Sumter March 4, 1861 Lincoln took office Tense standoff at Fort Sumter, SC April 12 4:30 am the Civil War began Sumter surrendered on April 13 The only casualty was an artillery mule

Armies North and South April 15 Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight the war Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina join Confederacy April 19 Naval blockade Anaconda Plan Typical soldier was between 18 & 25 years old $13 a month Little training and low admission standards Typically a farmer by trade

Faces Blue and Gray

The Union Population Economy Railroads Abraham Lincoln Navy Could supply all its needs Had to conquer the South Poor generalship early Uncertain reasons for fighting Volunteer army Political division

The Confederacy Better generalship (early) Better soldiers On the defensive Belief in their cause Could trade territory for time Possible European intervention Population Few industrial regions Poor railroads Political divisions Jefferson Davis Lack of a clear grand strategy

Weapons of War .58 caliber rifled musket Springfield Enfield 12 pound Napoleon Sabers Pistols

Civil War Medicine Brutal and primitive Amputations No antibiotics Infections Disease Gangrene Typhoid Diarrhea Pneumonia Small Pox

52-21 Roll Tide Roll

First Blood at Manassas Bull Run or Manassas July 21, 1861 Irving McDowell (U) PGT Beauregard (C) Union 35,000 CSA 32,000 Result: Confederate Victory

Feb-June1862 Feb. 6-16 Forts Henry and Donelson fall to U.S. Grant March 9 Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac (Virginia) April 6-7 Battle of Shiloh May 31-June 1 Battle of Seven Pines June 25-July 1 Seven Days Battles

Lee Invades the North Aug. 29-30 Second Bull Run Lee invades the North with his Army of Northern Virginia Sept. 17 Battle of Antietam Bloodiest day in American history Lee turned back

Antietam

October-January 1863 Emancipation Proclamation Oct. 8 Battle of Perryville Dec. 13 Battle of Fredericksburg Dec. 31-Jan. 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River

Blood on the Scales 1863 May 1-4 Battle of Chancellorsville Jackson mortally wounded May 18 Vicksburg under siege Lee invades the North once again George Gordon Meade is given command of the Army of the Potomac

Gettysburg July 1 Lee wins the first day, but fails to take critical high ground on Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill July 2 Culp’s Hill, Devil’s Den, Little Round Top July 3 Pickett’s Charge

Map of Gettysburg

Gettysburg

July 4, 1863 Lee retreats from Gettysburg Grant takes Vicksburg Tide of the war has turned

Chickamauga to Chattanooga Sept. 19-20 Battle of Chickamauga Oct. 1-Nov. 25 Siege and battles for Chattanooga Grant promoted to head of all Union armies

Grant vs. Lee 1864 May 5-6 Battle of the Wilderness May 9-18 Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse June 3 Battle of Cold Harbor June- April 1865 Siege ofPetersburg

Overland Campaign

Atlanta in the Balance William Sherman May 13-15 Resaca May 25-26 New Hope Church June 27 Kennesaw Mountain Hood replaced Johnston July 20 Peachtree Creek July 22 Atlanta Sept. 2 City taken by Sherman

Atlanta Campaign

Endgame Lincoln won re-election in 1864 Nov. 2 Sherman began march to the sea Nov. 30 Battle of Franklin Dec. 15-16 Battle of Nashville Army of Tennessee virtually destroyed

April 1865 April 1 Battle of Five Forks Lee abandoned Petersburg Davis fled Richmond Army of Northern Virginia pursued to Appomattox Courthouse Lee surrendered to Grant April 9 April 14 Lincoln assassinated by John Wilks Booth

Aftermath Union 140,141 Killed in Action 224,586 Died of Disease and other causes 275,200 Wounded Confederate 72,524 Killed in Action 187,476 Died of Disease and other causes 137,000 Wounded