Ca2+−dependent contraction by the saponoside escin in rat vena cava: Implications in venotonic treatment of varicose veins Joseph D. Raffetto, MD, Raouf.

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Ca2+−dependent contraction by the saponoside escin in rat vena cava: Implications in venotonic treatment of varicose veins Joseph D. Raffetto, MD, Raouf A. Khalil, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 489-496 (August 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.043 Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Representative traces of the effect of escin and diosmin on rat inferior vena cava (IVC). Rat IVC segments were treated with escin or diosmin (10−10 to 10−4 M) in normal Krebs (2.5 mM Ca2+; A and B), or in Ca2+−free (2 mM EGTA) Krebs (C and D). In other experiments, IVC segments incubated in 0 Ca2+ Krebs were treated with 10−4 M escin (E) or diosmin (F), then increasing concentrations of extracellular CaCl2 (0.1-2.5 mM) were added and the contractile response to Ca2+ was observed. Traces are representative of four to nine experiments. Horizontal bar = 4 min; vertical bar = 0.5 g. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 54, 489-496DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.043) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Effect of escin and diosmin on rat inferior vena cava (IVC). Rat IVC segments were treated with increasing concentrations (10−10 to 10−4 M) of escin (A) or diosmin (B) in normal Krebs (2.5 mM Ca2+), in the presence of diltiazem (10−5 M), and in Ca2+−free (2 mM EGTA) Krebs. In other experiments, IVC segments incubated in 0 Ca2+ Krebs were either nontreated (control) or treated with 10−4 M escin (C) or diosmin (D), then increasing concentrations of extracellular CaCl2 (0.1-2.5 mM) were added and the Ca2+ concentration-contraction curve was constructed. Data represent the means ± SEM (n = 4-9). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 54, 489-496DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.043) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Effect of escin and diosmin on phenylephrine (PHE), angiotensin II (AngII), and depolarization-induced contraction in rat inferior vena cava (IVC). Rat IVC segments were treated with PHE (10−5 M; A), AngII (10−6 M; B), or 96 mM KCl (C) in the absence (open bars) or presence of escin (10−4 M; black bars) or diosmin (10−4 M; shaded bars). The contractile response was recorded and presented as the percentage of control contraction (A, C), or as mg/mg tissue weight (B). Data represent the means ± SEM (n = 4-19). *Significant P < .05. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 54, 489-496DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.043) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Effect of diosmin on KCl and escin-induced IVC contraction. IVC segments were either nontreated (open circles) or pretreated with diosmin (10−4 M; closed circles) then stimulated with increasing concentrations of KCl (16-96 Mm; A) or escin (10−10 to 10−4 M; B) and the contractile response was recorded. Data represent the means ± SEM (n = 7-8). *Significant P < .05. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2011 54, 489-496DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.043) Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions