by Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely

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by Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely Six enzymes from mayapple that complete the biosynthetic pathway to the etoposide aglycone by Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely Science Volume 349(6253):1224-1228 September 11, 2015 Published by AAAS

Fig. 1 Biosynthetic pathway of (–)-podophyllotoxin in P. hexandrum. Biosynthetic pathway of (–)-podophyllotoxin in P. hexandrum. Uncharacterized steps are indicated by dashed lines. Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely Science 2015;349:1224-1228 Published by AAAS

Fig. 2 Expression analysis to identify candidate genes. Expression analysis to identify candidate genes. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of podophyllotoxin biosynthetic genes after P. hexandrum leaf wounding (at t = 0 hour). Relative expression levels were normalized to t = 0 hour. Data are average values (three technical replicates) ± one SD. (B) Hierarchical clustering of RNA-Seq expression data after filtering by enzyme family and expression level. Heat map depicts the expression levels from a single node from the resulting cluster. Color key: Known biosynthetic genes (black), candidate genes (red), genes identified in this report (red with black arrows). Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely Science 2015;349:1224-1228 Published by AAAS

Fig. 3 Six genes identified for the biosynthesis of the etoposide aglycone. Six genes identified for the biosynthesis of the etoposide aglycone. (A) Average LC-MS ion abundance ± one SD (three biological replicates) are shown for (–)-podophyllotoxin intermediates and derivatives produced in tobacco after expression of indicated enzymes and (–)-matairesinol infiltration. (B) Extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) for the etoposide aglycone, (–)-4′-desmethylepipodophyllotoxin (m/z = 401) in tobacco leaves expressing GFP or DIR, PLR, SDH, CYP719A23, and the six genes identified in this report with and without the infiltration of (+)-pinoresinol. Arrows indicate glycosylated derivatives of (–)-4′-desmethylepipodophyllotoxin. (C) Average amounts of (–)-4′-desmethylepipodophyllotoxin detected in tobacco ± one SD (three biological replicates). Warren Lau, and Elizabeth S. Sattely Science 2015;349:1224-1228 Published by AAAS