Neutralizing endotrophin activity with monoclonal antibodies sensitizes tumours to cisplatin treatment.A.Pieces of tumours from PyMT mice were implanted.

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Neutralizing endotrophin activity with monoclonal antibodies sensitizes tumours to cisplatin treatment.A.Pieces of tumours from PyMT mice were implanted into wild‐type hosts. Neutralizing endotrophin activity with monoclonal antibodies sensitizes tumours to cisplatin treatment.A.Pieces of tumours from PyMT mice were implanted into wild‐type hosts. Tumour‐bearing mice were given cisplatin (1 mg/kg, ip., every 5 days) or PBS, combined with either TZD (20 mg/kg) or anti‐endotrophin monoclonal antibodies (100 µg/mouse, once a week) for tumour progression. Tumour volumes were determined by caliper measurements. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus Cisplatin by two‐way ANOVA.B–D.4T1 (0.5 × 106 cells/mouse) cells were xenografted in nude mice and monitored tumour growth (B) and metastasis (C). Cisplatin (1 mg/kg, every 5 days, i.p) with either 10B6 or IgG control (100 µg/mouse, once a week, i.p) was given to tumour‐bearing mice from 12‐days after implantation. Tumour volumes were determined by caliper measurements. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5/group). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 versus Cisplatin + IgG by two‐way ANOVA. Metastatic burden was determined by measuring metastatic lesion area in lung tissues with H&E stains. Quantified data represent mean ± SD (n = 5/group). ***p = 0.0007 and *p = 0.0209 versus CIS/10B6 by unpaired Student's t‐test. mRNA levels for EMT markers such as vimentin, snail, slug, twist1, twist2 and S100S4 were determined by RT‐qPCR (D). Values are normalized with 36B4 and represented as mean ± SD (n = 5/group). **p = 0.0070, **p = 0.0045, **p = 0.0022 for vimentin, twist1 and S100A4, respectively by unpaired Student's t‐test.E.Summary of the study. Increased endotrophin following cisplatin treatment confers cisplatin resistance, and beneficial effects of TZDs on cisplatin sensitivity are mediated through both a suppression of endotrophin levels and its downstream pathways, including EMT, fibrosis and angiogenesis. Jiyoung Park et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5:935-948 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend