High Performance Applications and Solutions SyncSmart 2018

History lesson Goal is for both clocks to always agree ROYAL OBSERVATORY BIG BEN Goal is for both clocks to always agree Royal Observatory is always right (always drops the ball at the right time) Big Ben has no influence on time… it just follows

Some Potential problems ROYAL OBSERVATORY BIG BEN Ball drops at the wrong time Write down wrong timestamp Too foggy to see ball (jamming) Someone messes with the telegraph (spoofing) Big Ben degrades

History repeats itself… ? “BIG BEN” is now “CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE” “ROYAL OBSERVATORY” is now “GNSS” Control Station errors Errors in time transfer GNSS jamming GNSS Spoofing Critical Infrastructure not constructed with adequate time resiliency

Secure PNT requires Detection, Resiliency and Visibility GNSS sources Secure PNT Secure Sky Reception DETECTION POSITION Atomic Clocks + Timescale technology RESILIENCY JAMMING, SPOOFING, WEATHER ANOMOLIES, ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS, SATELLITE ERRORS, GROUND STATION MALFUNCTIONS, OTHERS… NAVIGATION Measurement, Monitoring, Analytics and Visualization VISIBILITY TIME

“Time World” is very different from “Frequency World” Remote Remote Remote Remote Secondary Secondary Remote Remote TIME FREQUENCY Secondary Remote Remote Remote Remote Remote TIMESCALE Remote Remote Remote Secondary Remote Remote Primary Remote Remote Primary Primary Secondary Remote Remote Remote Secondary Core of Critical Infrastructure Remote Remote Primary Secondary Remote Primary Remote Remote Primary Remote Remote Remote Remote Remote Secondary Remote Remote Remote Secondary Remote Remote Secondary Secondary Remote Remote Remote

Technical Drivers for new “Time Clock” standards FREQUENCY TIME Fundamental changes in network complexity which makes synchronization more difficult to manage and maintain +

Market drivers for new “Time Clock” standards GNSS Vulnerabilities Reliability Fault Tolerance Resiliency NEW TIME CLOCK STANDARDS Network Bandwidth & Densification Performance Quality of Service Scalability

G.8272.1 ePRTC

What/Why ePRTC What is an ePRTC? Defined in ITU-T G.8272.1 (consented Sept 2016, published Feb 2017) GNSS (time reference) and autonomous primary reference clock as required inputs Why the ePRTC? ePRTC attributes Reliability: Immune from local jamming or outages Autonomy: Atomic clock sustained timescale with & without GNSS connection Coherency: 30ns coordination assures overall PRTC budget Holdover: 14-day time holdover <= 100 ns

ePRTC stability: MTIE PRTC ePRTC ePRTC MTIE: 4ns for low tau, 15ns for tau 100s to 10ks, 30ns above 300ks ePRTC MTIE: everywhere below PRTC by nearly an order of magnitude

ePRTC Time Holdover ePRTC: Hold better that 100ns for 14 days of holdover “Class A” (PRTC time holdover not defined) ePRTC: Longer holdover under discussion (100ns for 80 days under discussion) ePRTC: The longer the holdover, the better the “autonomous primary reference” required

History of the Primary Reference Clock G.811 (1988) Timing requirements at the outputs of primary reference clocks suitable for plesiochronous operation of international digital links MTIE (1,000s)= 3µs G.811 (1997) Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks MTIE (1,000s)= 300ns G.8272 (2012) Timing characteristics of primary reference time clocks MTIE (1,000s)= 100ns G.8272.1 (2016) Timing characteristics of enhanced primary reference time clocks MTIE (1,000s)= 15ns

Time Accuracy for ePRTC: ±30 ns vs. UTC Setup for testing ePRTC against UTC: TimeMonitor and TimeAnalyzer Software Example measurement of ePRTC vs. UTC measured at a national lab:

Enhanced Primary Reference ePRTC and ePRC Performance = 100nS (time & phase) Performance = 30nS (time & phase) ITU-T G.8272 (Pub. 2012) ITU-T G.8272.1 (Pub. 2016) PRTC Primary Reference Time Clock ePRTC Enhanced Primary Reference Time Clock 11 12 Performance = 1 part in 10 (frequency) Performance = 1 part in 10 (frequency) ITU-T G.811 (Pub. 1998) ITU-T G.811.1 (Pub. 8/2017) PRC Primary Reference Clock ePRC Enhanced Primary Reference Clock NEW

TimeSource ePRTC

TimeSource Enhanced PRTC Support for TimeCesium 4400/4500 NEW Smart GNSS antenna TimeSource Enhanced PRTC

TimeSource Enhanced PRTC redundant configuration Same can be done with TimeCesium Timing outputs (“A”) Timing outputs (“B”)

TimeSource Enhanced PRTC connection with SSU-2000 and TimeProvider 5000 TOD (frequency, phase, time) TOD Distribution E1 or DS1 (frequency) SSU-2000e TimeProvider® 5000

SyncSystem 4380A

SyncSystem 4380A Highest performing timing system in the world Built on a feature rich platform focused on timing performance and reliability Modular platform has the scalability to accommodate future needs and the flexibility to address unique timing requirements Uncompromising performance delivered in a robust package High performance Rubidium standard (now RoHS 6/6) Ultra-clean frequency outputs Dual power supplies Dual-frequency GPS receiver Network security features Ideal for customers with stringent timing requirements (outputs and input/measurement) supporting high-reliability applications

Radar systems require exceptional phase noise Defense Shipborne systems need to be synchronized for communications, radars, control systems, etc. Next generation systems rely heavily on precise synchronization of sites Radar systems require exceptional phase noise SyncSystem 4380A Local Area Augmentation Systems assist with precision landings and depend on synchronization Missile defense systems are often used in conjunction with radar and require synchronization Military systems rely heavily on precise synchronization and the 4380A delivers that performance

Product Applications and Target Customers Timing Customers Frequency Customers sec 1e-10 1e-9 1e-8 1e-7 1e-6 1e-5 1e-4 1e-3 1e-2 1e-1 1e0 1e-15 1e-14 1e-13 1e-12 1e-11 VLB Interferrf. High Prec. Mil. High Prec. Metrol. Stratum 1 Comms CDMA2000 Low Prec. Metrol. Low Prec. Mil. Oscill. Manuf. Misc. Commercial Apps. Power Sys. Dig. Time Serv. Financial Trans. PTTI / R&D Scientific / Exp. Adv. Comms High Speed Photom. Wide Area Data Logging, Authentication Astronomy, Precision Frequency Applications Time-Tagging Hz/Hz Higher Performance High Performance Applications Precision time-tagging applications Precision frequency applications Metrology/calibration Scientific experiments New product R&D activities Satellite communications systems Target Customers National Metrology Labs National R&D Centers National Flight Test Ranges High-tech companies, both domestic and international (e.g., defense and aerospace) Universities and University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs) Market is characterized as a small number of users with demanding requirements Number of Users Number of Users

Timing Control Station USER SIGNALS (10 MHz) L1/L2 GPS 10 MHz Reference SyncSystem 4380A USER SIGNALS (1 PPS) 9611B 5071A 9611B USER SIGNALS (IRIG-B) L1/L2 GPS 10 MHz Reference SyncSystem 4380A

Timing Control Station with 6300 Series The 6300 series is a distribution amplifier and/or switch system Very low noise Low-temperature coefficient 4U or 1U form factor L1/L2 GPS 10 MHz reference SyncSystem 4380A 6300 USER SIGNALS (10 MHz) 5071A USER SIGNALS (1 PPS) USER SIGNALS (IRIG-B) L1/L2 GPS 10 MHz Reference SyncSystem 4380A

Timing Control Station Official Range Time Satellite Control Facility SyncSystem 4380A #1 SyncSystem 4380A #2 Dual Input Fault Switch (Used for fault detection and fanout capability) 5071A Cesium References (Provide enhanced holdover performance in the absence of GPS) Launch Control Facility Alarm Server / Keyboard / Monitor (Provides complete visibility of entire range timing system) Battery Backup (Maintains timing in the event of a power outage) Timing Control Station

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) VLBI provides high resolution images of distant galaxies Data collected using multiple telescopes looking at the same object Telescopes are separated by 1000s of km VLBI only works if the telescopes are coherent with one another Requires precise timing at each of the telescopes in order to fuse the data into a single image Radio Signal Radio Signal Radio Signal By Antony-22 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33183691 By Danieljr1992 - With a cameraPreviously published: http://i.imgur.com/37M5q.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18972334 4380A 4380A 4380A

Radio Navigation Radio navigation requires precise timing at each of the transmitter locations Time stability and holdover capability is paramount to navigation performance GPS alternatives are operated (e.g. eLORAN) by many countries and new initiatives are being explored for Local Area Navigation 4380A 4380A 5071A 5071A 5071A

Bi-static Radar Bi-static radar is emerging as an important technology for air & missile defense Bi-static or multi-static radar systems are different from traditional radar systems because they transmit and receive from different antennas Enhances capability to track multiple objects and stealth objects Radio Signal Bi-static radars have stringent timing requirements Require low phase noise references just like traditional radars Additional timing requirement is for precise synchronization between the transmit and receive antennas (typically < 10 ns) 4380A 4380A

Calibration Laboratory TimeMonitor and TimeAnalyzer Software Off-the-shelf counters Devices Under Test L1/L2 GPS SyncSystem 4380A Device under test (DUT) House Reference DUT Output Device under test (DUT) 10 MHz, 1PPS, etc. 10 MHz Reference Device under test (DUT) Device under test (DUT) 5071A

Summary Market and Application needs are driving new clock standards: Transition from Frequency to Time Ability to maintain high performance time in autonomous operation (independent of GNSS) “Resiliency” is a key operational objective for our customers There are many alternatives; however, ultimately the ability to embed Timescale technology into the network architecture provides the most robust solution Microsemi provides a portfolio of Timescale enabled products

Thank You Eran Gilat – Systems Architect Engineer FTD eran Thank You Eran Gilat – Systems Architect Engineer FTD eran.gilat@microsemi.com