Daily Science In forming a protein, why is it important that every amino acid has the same structure of a carboxyl group on one side and amino group on.

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Presentation transcript:

Daily Science In forming a protein, why is it important that every amino acid has the same structure of a carboxyl group on one side and amino group on another? Answer: so that when the carboxyl and amino groups combine to form a peptide bond a water molecule can be dehydrated (an OH combines from one side and a H from the other) What properties emerge as the structural level of a protein increase from primary to quaternary? Answer: properties increase in complexity from simple and linear to twists, folds, and multiple chains twisted together for strength purposes

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Proteins Proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The proteins that your body makes are controlled by DNA. The shape of a protein is very important because it determines the function of that protein.

Proteins Proteins are polymers of amino acid molecules. Amino acids – compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end There are 20 different R/functional groups.

Proteins Amino Acid Structure R Cx O H C H N O H Label this on your note sheet! Amino Acid Structure R/Functional Group R Carboxyl Group Central Carbon Cx O H C H N O H Amino Group

Proteins The amino group and carboxyl group on each amino acid is identical. Amino acids are bonded together at the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid. Bonded together using dehydration synthesis! These are called peptide bonds.

Proteins Peptide Bonds R R Cx Cx O H O H C C H N H N O O H H dehydration synthesis

Peptide Bonds

Proteins What do proteins do? Proteins carry out the instructions given by your DNA. Examples: Control the rate of reactions. Regulate cellular processes. Form bone and muscles. Transport substances in and out of cells. Help fight disease. Many, many more!

Proteins Protein Structure Primary – sequence of amino acids in a protein. Ordered specific to each protein like the letters of the alphabet

Secondary – the sequence of amino acids can be twisted or folded. Silk protein of a spider’s web Makes the structure of hair

Proteins Protein Structure Tertiary – the secondary chain is folded to give protein shape. Quaternary – arrangement of a protein with multiple chains.

Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure Hemoglobin is shaped to better bind with oxygen Collagen is twisted for connective tissue in skin, muscle, bone, etc.

SHAPE = FUNCTION Proteins The most important thing to remember about proteins is: SHAPE = FUNCTION