Maximizing Organ Protection in Patients With CKD and Comorbidities on RAAS Therapy

Introduction

Program Overview

RAAS Inhibitors Are Recommended to Improve Outcomes in Patients With CKD and Comorbidities

Potential Risks in Patients With CKD on RAAS Inhibitor Therapy

RAAS Inhibition Benefit vs Risk: A Dichotomy

RCTs Support the Use of MRAs Across the CV Continuum

Establishing the Role of MRAs in Patients With CKD

Elevated Serum Potassium Is Associated With Increased Mortality in At-Risk Populations

Multiple Studies Have Demonstrated the Benefits of RAAS Inhibitor Therapy

Multiple Studies Have Demonstrated the Benefits of RAAS Inhibitor Therapy (cont)

Multiple Studies Have Demonstrated the Benefits of RAAS Inhibitor Therapy (cont)

Using Maximum vs Submaximum Doses of RAAS Inhibitors Is Associated With Reductions in Mortality

Evidence-Based Doses of RAAS Inhibitors From Key HFrEF Trials

Traditional Interventions for the Management of Chronic Hyperkalemia

Newer Agents for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: Patiromer

OPAL-HK: Patiromer in Patients with CKD and Hyperkalemia Receiving RAAS Inhibitors

Patiromer Is Effective for the Initial Treatment of Hyperkalemia: OPAL-HK (Part A)

Patiromer Helps to Maintain RAAS Inhibitor Dose: OPAL-HK (Part B)

OPAL-HK: Most Common AEs

AMETHYST-DN: Patiromer Reduces Serum Potassium in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease

AMETHYST-DN: Most Common AEs Occurring in ≥ 5% of Patients

PEARL-HF: Patiromer Reduces Serum Potassium in Patients With HF

PEARL-HF: Uptitration of Spironolactone and Incidence of Hyperkalemia

Area of Clinical Interest: Use of Patiromer in Patients With ESRD on HD

AMBER: Rationale and Study Design

Newer Agents for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: SZC

SZC Treatment Among Outpatients With Hyperkalemia: HARMONIZE

HARMONIZE: Change in Serum Potassium Over Time (Randomized Phase)

HARMONIZE: AEs Reported in ≥ 5% of Patients

SPS for the Management of Hyperkalemia

Optimizing the Use of RAAS Inhibitors in Cardiorenal Patients

When Should a Potassium Binder Be Started?

RAAS Inhibitor Use vs Hyperkalemia: Historical Perspective

Cardiorenal Patients Are Dependent on RAAS Inhibitors

Hyperkalemia Is Common: Data From PARADIGM-HF

Management of Hyperkalemia in Patients Taking RAAS Inhibitors

Summary and Conclusions

Summary and Conclusions (cont)

Abbreviations

Abbreviations (cont)

Abbreviations (cont)