Modern Ethernet UTP and Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet Chapter 6 Modern Ethernet UTP and Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet

Problems with the “Old” Physical Bus, Coaxial Cable Based Ethernet The long BUS cable gets damaged easily Problem 2: The Coaxial Cable used for the BUS cable is relatively expensive and difficult to install/replace

The “New” Ethernet Solution to Problem 1: Solution to Problem 2: Star physical topology instead of bus physical topology Solution to Problem 2: UTP cable instead of coaxial cable

The “New” Ethernet UTP Cable-based Ethernet Fiber Optic Cable-based Ethernet Wireless Ethernet (Chapter 9)

10BaseT 10BaseT = UTP cable (the “T”) based Ethernet Similarities between 10BaseT and the “Old” Coaxial Cable based Ethernet: BUS logical topology Ethernet frame‏ CSMA/CD‏ 10 Mbps‏ Baseband Differences between 10BaseT and the “Old” Coaxial Cable based Ethernet: Star physical topology (Star Bus topology)‏ instead of bus physical Ethernet Hub and UTP cable instead of coaxial cable bus

Older versus Newer Ethernet Older: BUS Physical Topology Newer: STAR Physical Topology Older: Coaxial Cable as the Bus Cable Newer: UTP Cable as the Patch Cable and the Horizontal Run

10BaseT: Segment and Ethernet Hub In a BUS physical topology, a SEGMENT is a single BUS cable In a STAR physical topology, a SEGMENT is a single HUB (Ethernet Hub)

Segment in the Older and Newer Ethernet Older Ethernet: A segment is a SINGLE Ethernet bus Newer Ethernet: A segment is a SINGLE Ethernet hub In this example, this network consists of 2 segments In this example, this network consists of 4 segments

10BaseT: Cabling CAT3 or higher, two pairs, UTP cable RJ-45 connectors Also known as CRIMP Connecting UTP cable to RJ-45 connector: CRIMPING Crimping standard: TIA/EIA 568 A standard: see Figure 6.9 on Page 103 TIA/EIA 568 B standard: see Figure 6.10 on Page 103

10BaseT: Specifications 10 Mbps Baseband Maximum distance between the hub and the node (computer/NIC): 100 meters Maximum number of nodes per hub: 1024 Network topology: Star Bus ‏ Cable: UTP, CAT3 or higher, two pairs, RJ-45 connectors

10BaseFL/10BaseF: Specifications 10 Mbps Baseband Maximum distance between the hub and the node (computer/NIC): 2000 meters (2 kilometers)‏ Network topology: Star Bus (Star physical topology (using Ethernet hub); Bus logical topology)‏ Cable: Fiber Optic

Multiple Ethernet Hubs Why using multiple Ethernet Hubs (multiple segments)? If one hub is down, the other hub(s) still works → NO SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE IN THE HUB

Multiple Ethernet Hubs How to connect multiple Ethernet Hubs? Coaxial cable Crossover cable (UTP, two pairs, CAT3 or higher): reversing the sending and receiving pairs on the end of the cable (see page 105, figure 6.15)‏ One end of a cable is connected to the regular port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub Crossover Port (also called Crossover, Uplink, In-port, Out-port): Use regular cable, NOT crossover cable One end of the regular cable (NOT crossover cable) is connected to the Crossover Port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub Autosensing Port (a regular port that can turn to be Crossover Port automatically whenever necessary)‏ One end of a regular cable is connected to the Autosensing Port, the other end is connected to the regular port at the other hub

Connecting Ethernet Segments

Connecting Ethernet Segments The coaxial cable connector on Ethernet hub can also be used to connect the hub with the “older” Ethernet bus (see page 105 figure 6.14)‏

10BaseT: Segment and Ethernet Hub In a BUS physical topology, a SEGMENT is simply a BUS cable In a STAR physical topology, a SEGMENT is a HUB (Ethernet Hub) See Figure 6.17 and Figure 6.18 Why are there THREE segments in these figures? What Ethernet technology is used in Segment A (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)? What Ethernet technology is used in Segment B (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)? What Ethernet technology is used in Segment C (“Old” or “New” Ethernet)?

High Speed Ethernet > 10 Mbps Examples: Fast Ethernet: 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mbps 10 Gigabit Ethernet: 10,000 Mbps

Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps Also known as 100Base Ethernet Includes: 100BaseTX 100BaseT4 100BaseFX

100BaseTX versus 100BaseT4 versus 100BaseFX Similarities: Star-Bus technology, CSMA/CD, Ethernet frame, 100 Mbps Baseband Differences: 100BaseTX uses UTP cable, two pairs, CAT5 or higher, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters 100BaseT4 uses UTP cable, four pairs, CAT3 or higher, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters 100BaseFX uses fiber optic cable, maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 2000 meters, no EMI, no wire tap (more secured)

Gigabit Ethernet 1000BaseX 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps)‏ The most popular Gigabit Ethernet: 1000BaseT: Four pairs of CAT5 or better UTP cable Maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 100 meters 1000BaseF: Fiber optic cables Maximum length of cable from a node to a hub: 2000 meters

10/100BaseT Devices 10/100BaseT Devices: Networking devices (e.g., NIC, hub, UTP cable) that can work in BOTH 10BaseT and 100BaseT networks What are 10/100/1000BaseT Devices? What is 10/100/1000BaseT Switch? What is 10/100/1000BaseT NIC?

Multi_speed Switch Multi-speed switch: http://www.superwarehouse.com/Linksys_Etherfast_10_100_8_Port_Auto-Sensing_Switch/EZXS88W/ps/117963

Switched Ethernet Multi-speed Ethernet To break a network into multiple segments that have different data transmission speed (throughputs)‏ High-traffic segment (e.g., backbone) has high data transmission speed technology, low-traffic segment has low data transmission speed technology, in order not to waste resources (max performance & min cost) Backbone A segment that connects other segments‏

Switched Ethernet 10Base (10 Mbps) segment 100Base (100 Mbps)‏ segment

Full-Duplex Ethernet Normally, Ethernet works in HALF-DUPLEX mode: One frame can travel over the network at any time Ethernet switch and Ethernet NICs that can run in Full-Duplex mode enable Ethernet network to run in a FULL-DUPLEX mode At any time, multiple computers can send frames to the network (in other words, multiple frames can travel over the network at any time)‏ By running in a Full-Duplex mode, the network operates more efficiently by minimizing the waiting time and removing the possibility of collision By running in a Full Duplex mode, the data transmission rate can be twice as fast as the one in a Half Duplex mode

Switch (Bridge) to Enable Full Duplex Mode Collision Domain 1 Collision Domain 2 No Collision Frame For Computer 2 Frame For Computer 1 Computer 1 Computer 2 Bridge

Full-Duplex Switch 10/100BaseT switch: http://www.superwarehouse.com/Linksys_Etherfast_10_100_8_Port_Auto-Sensing_Switch/EZXS88W/ps/117963 Check the “Features” of this switch. One of them indicates that this switch can run at 10, 20, 100, 200 Mbps. Explain how this 10/100BaseT switch can run at 20 and 200 Mbps

Assignment 1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet Compare the competing varieties of 10 Gigabit Ethernet: Task 1: Find at least 3 examples of fiber optic-based 10 Gigabit Ethernet and report their characteristics (the type of fiber optic used, the maximum length of cable) Task 2: Find at least 2 examples of copper-based 10 Gigabit Ethernet and report their characteristics (the type of copper cable used, the maximum length of cable)

Assignment 1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet How to submit? Type your report (hand written report WILL NOT be accepted/grade) You have to submit your report in the beginning of the class on Monday, September 21, 2009