Objectives Analyze the causes and effects of nationalism on domestic policy during the years following the War of 1812. Describe the impact of nationalism on the nation’s foreign policy. Summarize the struggle over the issue of slavery as the nation grew.

Terms and People nationalism – a spirit of loyalty and devotion to one’s country Henry Clay – a leading advocate of economic nationalism who proposed the American System American System – Clay’s plan for federally sponsored internal improvements and protective tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections of the U.S.

Terms and People (continued) John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under James Madison and son of President John Adams Adams-Onís Treaty – treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams to purchase Florida from Spain Monroe Doctrine – policy warning European monarchies not to interfere with Latin American republics in return for U.S. non-interference

Terms and People (continued) Missouri Compromise – 1820 compromise balancing the admission of Missouri as a slave state with the admission of Maine as a free state and setting a line across the continent dividing future free and slave states

How did domestic and foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times? After the War of 1812, nationalism affected economic and foreign policy and began to create a sense of national identity. Supreme Court rulings supported nationalism by favoring federal power.

The party backed nationalistic economic policies that used federal power to assist business and industry. This focus on business was a change from the government’s earlier support of agriculture and a weak federal government. With so little political fighting, some believed that political parties might disappear. Under President James Monroe, the Democratic Republicans enjoyed an “era of good feelings.”

Henry Clay campaigned for a nationalistic economic policy called the American System, which included: high tariffs to protect industrial growth. road and canal construction, called internal improvements, to link the different sections of the nation. Clay believed the different regions could work together for the prosperity of the entire nation.

Clay wanted reestablishment of a national bank to control the nation’s money supply and banking. The First National Bank’s charter expired in 1811. Private and state banks were printing their own money, causing widespread uncertainty in value. Clay argued that control over the nation’s money supply and banking would restore confidence. As a result, Congress established the Second Bank of the United States in 1816.

Marshall first applied Federalist principles when he supported Judicial Review in Marbury v. Madison. In Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Fletcher v. Peck Marshall limited the power of state governments to interfere with business contracts. The Supreme Court continued to strengthen federal power under Chief Justice John Marshall

In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Marshall asserted the superiority of federal law over state laws. The state of Maryland tried to tax a branch of the Second National Bank. Marshall ruled that the power to tax is the power to destroy and a state can’t use taxes to destroy a bank created by Congress. The ruling broadly defined commerce and the power of Congress to control it.

An interconnected national economy resulted in cycles of “boom or bust During busts farmers often blamed the banks for their difficulties.

Authors like James Fenimore Cooper (The Leatherstocking Tales) created a genre of frontier adventure stories. Painters celebrated America’s beauty in the landscapes of the Hudson River School. An “American Renaissance” in art and literature reflected the nationalism of the era.

Paintings like Jasper Cropsey’s 1859 Autumn on the Hudson celebrated the beauty of the wild American land.

American nationalism was also reflected in the Monroe Doctrine. President Monroe feared France or Spain might retake newly independent republics in Latin America. Monroe warned European monarchies they had no business in the Americas and promised the United States would not involve itself in Europe. In 1823 the United States was incapable of enforcing the Monroe Doctrine, but in time it became a cornerstone of American foreign policy. American nationalism was also reflected in the Monroe Doctrine.

United States policy toward Florida reflected nationalism. In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to fight the Seminole Indians who harbored runaway slaves. Madison’s Secretary of State John Quincy Adams concluded the Adams- Onís Treaty by which the United States purchased Florida from Spain.

Despite nationalistic feelings, sectional differences remained strong. In 1819, Missouri sought admission as a slave- owning state. Acceptance would upset the balance between free and slave-owning states in the U.S. Senate. A northern proposal to ban slavery as the price of Missouri’s admission caused debate. The slavery debate worried many. Thomas Jefferson likened it to a “fire-bell in the night.”

Henry Clay averted a crisis with the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Maine and Missouri became states together—one free, the other slave. A line was drawn across the territories; any new state south of Missouri’s southern border would be slave, anything north free. Henry Clay averted a crisis with the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Still, Southerners were worried. They blamed the 1822 Denmark Vessey plot on the Missouri debate.

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