Storage 1 The retention of encoded material over time. Trying to remember her name when you leave the party. Pressing Ctrl S and saving the info.

Storage: Retaining Information 2 Storage is at the heart of memory. Three stores of memory are shown below: Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Encoding Events Encoding Retrieval Retrieval

Storage and Short-Term Memory 3 Lasts usually between 3 to 12 seconds. Can store 7 (plus or minus two) chunks of information. We recall digits better than letters. Short-term memory exercise.

Storage and Long-Term Memory 4 We have yet to find the limit of our long-term memory. For example, Rajan was able to recite 31,811 digits of pi. At 5 years old, Rajan would memorize the license plates of all of his parents’ guests (about 75 cars in ten minutes). He still remembers the plate numbers to this day.

Flashbulb Memory 5 A unique and highly emotional moment may give rise to a clear, strong, and persistent memory called flashbulb memory. However, this memory is not free from errors. Ruters/ Corbis President Bush being told of 9/11 attack.

Flashbulb memory 5 Events include anything that impacts you People on the flight on Christmas Day 9/11 – one had to experience this to be flashbulb memory – those too young – don’t remember the same Others: Kennedy assassination FDR death Pearl Harbor attack

Flashbulb Memory 5 A clear moment of an emotionally significant moment or event. Where were you when? 1. You heard about 9/11 2. You heard about the death of a family member 3. During the OJ chase

Implicit Memory 6 HM is unable to make new memories that are declarative (explicit), but he can form new memories that are procedural (implicit). C B A HM learned the Tower of Hanoi (game) after his surgery. Each time he plays it, he is unable to remember the fact that he has already played the game.

Storing Implicit & Explicit Memories 7 Explicit Memory refers to facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. Implicit memory involves learning an action while the individual does not know or declare what she knows. OBJECTIVE 13| Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory, and identify the main brain structure associated with each.

Context Effects 8 It helps to put yourself back in the same context you experienced (encoded) something. If you study on your favorite chair at home, you will probably score higher if you also took the test on the chair.

Context effects 8 Theory – helps you to remember if you are in the same space (ACT – Social Studies passage in this room) Early learning – look at the baby in the crib & mobile – learned that moving foot can make mobile move Repeats this behavior Operant conditioning Behavior rewarded Learning

Figure 9.17 Familiar context activates memory Myers: Psychology, Eighth Edition Copyright © 2007 by Worth Publishers