First Semester Review FND Biology

Levels of Organizations

Molecule – Example A combination of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atoms to create 1 water molecule.

CELL

TISSUE

ORGAN

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM

Levels of Organization Organ System Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organism

Human Body Systems Why do we eat? How do we digest our food? Where does it go? How does it get there? How do we make our body move? How do we talk?

Body Systems Endocrine - produces hormones, which are needed for proper body function and growth Muscular – works with the skeletal system to produce voluntary movements, helps circulate blood and move food through the digestive system

Body Systems Circulatory – transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell wastes; helps to regulate body temperature Digestive- Breaks down food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes

Body Systems Nervous – recognizes and coordinates the bodies response to changes in its internal and external environments

Homeostasis Process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant.

Response and Stimulus Signal to which an organism responds. A specific reaction to a stimulus.

Movement of Molecules over time

A student put together the experimental setup shown above A student put together the experimental setup shown above. The membrane between side A and side B allows movement of both types of solute molecules shown. Describe what will happen to the C molecules over time:

Movement of Molecules over time Show C molecules movement.

Describe what will happen to the D molecules over time A student put together the experimental setup shown above. The membrane between side A and side B allows movement of both types of solute molecules shown. Describe what will happen to the D molecules over time

Movement of Molecules over time Show D molecules movement.

Macromolecules Carbohydrates

Macromolecules Lipids

Macromolecules Proteins

Macromolecules Nucleic Acids DNA RNA

Macromolecules- contain the following elements   Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Elements: CHO CHON CHONP

Macromolecules - Organic ALL things containing carbon are considered organic.

Macromolecule - Functions Carbohydrates - Main source of energy for living things Proteins - Main component of tissues such as bone and muscle

Macromolecule - Functions Lipids -Stores and releases energy, long term energy storage Nucleic Acids -Stores and transmits hereditary information

Which indicator would be used to test for a complex carbohydrate?

If a banana tests positive for complex carbohydrates, what color would the solution be?

Sudan IV will turn reddish orange if which macromolecule is present?

Photosynthesis - list the reactants and products  

Photosynthesis Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplast in plant cells. What is the function of chlorophyll?

brown), are in stacks called granum (grana, plural). Chloroplasts are double membrane organelles with a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into disc-shaped sacs called thylakoids. Thylakoids, containing chlorophyll and other accessory pigments (red, orange, yellow, brown), are in stacks called granum (grana, plural). FIGURE 1-CHLOROPLAST

Color and label the outer membrane light green Color and label the outer membrane light green. Color and label the grana (STACK) dark green. FIGURE 1-CHLOROPLAST

Chloroplast If Carbon Dioxide is removed from the plant’s environment, what would happen to the production of high energy sugars?

Photosynthesis What would the air bubbles being produced be made of? Which gas? (think about what is released during photosynthesis)

Photosynthesis At which distance from the light source were 55 bubbles produced per minute?

of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes of each other, therefore the products of photosynthesis are the: REACTANTS / PRODUCTS (Circle one) of cellular respiration.

List the 3 steps in cellular respiration in order: ____________________

Cellular Respiration When oxygen is present, what happens after Glycolysis?

Cellular Respiration Glycolysis begins with which molecule?

Respiration / Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation c How many molecules of ATP are formed in cellular respiration?

Respiration / Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation c Which two pathways are showing the process of fermentation? _____ and _____

Respiration / Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation c Which pathway requires oxygen?

Ecology Organisms that make their own food, like plants, are called___

Ecology List two examples of an autotroph:

Ecology The grasses at the beginning of the food chain are considered (circle one): Producers Consumers Heterotrophs

Ecology Describe how energy and nutrients flow through living systems.

Ecology Based on the amount of CO2 that is released into the atmosphere according to the diagram on the right, which of the following would you expect to occur: Decrease CO2 in the atmosphere Increase CO2 in the atmosphere

Ecology Choose the correct description of the relationship between animal respiration and photosynthesis: Respiration and photosynthesis serve the same function in the carbon cycle Animal respiration adds CO2 to the atmosphere and photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere There is no relationship between respiration and photosynthesis

Ecology Exponential growth occurs in what type of populations?

Ecology Define carrying capacity:

Ecology According to this Graph, during which year did the population first reach its carrying capacity?

Ecology According to Graph A, was the growth experienced during years 1-3 logistic or exponential?

Ecology Define density dependent factor Define density independent factor

5.2- Limits to Growth limiting factor- factor that controls the growth of a population Density-dependent limiting factors -operate strongly when population density is large. D-D L F: competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, disease, stress from overcrowding Competition: populations become crowded, individuals compete- food, water, space, sunlight, etc. lower birthrates, increased death rates

5.2- Limits to Growth 2- Density-Independent limiting factors- affect all populations regardless of size & density D-I L F include: Unusual weather- hurricanes, droughts, floods, & natural disasters- wildfires

Ecology List 3 Examples List 3 Examples Define density dependent factor Define density independent factor List 3 Examples List 3 Examples

Population a. b. List Ways a Population will Increase List Ways a Population will Decrease a. b.

Population Salvinia molesta, a floating aquatic plant, first entered Lake Naivasha in Kenya when a person’s fish ponds flooded. The plant quickly grew, changing the habitat of parts of the lake. This is an example of a problem due to what type of species?

Global Warming Global warming refers to the increase of the earth's average temperature due to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal causes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to escape into the air and act like a warm blanket over the earth. One way to reduce greenhouse gases is to reduce deforestation, the cutting down of trees. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air, so having lots of trees around is good for the atmosphere.

Global Warming List two factors that contribute to global warming.

Population