Biology: Study of Life (Bio: Living “Logos”: Study of) Scientific Process Biology: Study of Life (Bio: Living “Logos”: Study of)

Draw the Scientific Method. Bell Work Draw the Scientific Method.

Begin writing words in notebook Bell Work Vocabulary Hypothesis Observation Independent Variable Dependent Variable Inference Control Data Precision Accuracy Data Conclusion

Mythbusters Did they do the science in the correct way? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tmut9NOtvnY Identify: Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, independent variable. Dependent variable, & conclusions What could they have done better?

(MUST be testable) (RESEARCH) (Is it valid? Reliable?) (Logical, based on research) (Must be controlled) (adequate number and trials!

Controlled Experiment –only changes 1 variable!!! Observations Purpose what you’re trying to determine (Must be Testable through experimentation!) C) Research- gather info Formulate hypothesis (logical prediction and reason) grounded in research Design the experiment

F) Conduct Experiment and record data Quantitative data : Measured, numerical Qualitative data : gathered using senses G) Analyze Data (Graph, calculate means, etc) H) Draw Conclusions I) Observation vs Inference? Observations do not interpret, inferences are logical deductions and DO interpret observations J) Publish K) References (for my class APA)

ii. Elements of A Controlled Experiment Independent (manipulated”) variable (only 1!) what is changed by scientist (“Cause” or “Input”) Dependent (“responding”) variable (may be 1+) What is measured as “Effect” or “output” Controlled variables: Factors which could affect outcome so must be kept CONSTANT

Experimental Group(s) – Groups or set up which are exposed to independent variable 1. May have multiple experimental groups 2. Adequate number of trials and sample size E) Control Group – NOT exposed to independent variable OR is kept as normal as possible

(MUST be testable) (RESEARCH) (Is it valid? Reliable?) (Logical, based on research) (Must be controlled) (adequate number and trials!

Practice Writing Hypothesis Worksheet HYPOTHEIS 1 HYPOTHESIS 2 HYPOTHEIS 3

Beri Beri Worksheet

Small group practice Q: What effect does the color (wavelength) of light have on the productivity of potato plants (measured in biomass or mass of potatoes produced)? 1) Independent variable: 2) Dependent variable: 3) Controlled variables (at least 3!) 4) Describe your experimental group(s) (At least 3!) 5) Describe your control group 6) Describe the data you will collect

LAB: Group scenarios

Vocabulary: WORD DRAWINGS Hypothesis Observation Independent Variable Dependent Variable Inference Control Data Precision Accuracy Data Conclusion

Data Analysis, Interpretation & Presentation A) Accuracy – degree to which a msrd or calc value matches correct one. B) Precision – Degree to which many numbers match one another Ideally, data should be both accurate and precise!

Not Accurate IS Precise Not Accurate Not Precise Pretty Accurate Not Precise Very Accurate Very Precise

C) Tools to analyze data 1 C) Tools to analyze data 1. Mean (Average) Calculate sum and divide by total number of values 2. Median – Middle value in an ordered set 3. Mode – Most frequent data point 4. Range – Spread, (highest value – lowest )

Ex 1 – measured values = 100, 110, 90, 60, 140, 100 Mean = (100 + 110 + 90 + 60 + 140 + 100) = 100 6 If the expected value is 100, the data is accurate, however, it is NOT very precise!

Ex 2: Mode can be useful in identifying outliers 25,25,25,25,25,100,25 The mean of the data is 35 but the 100 may be an outlier Percent Error (Msrmnt of accuracy) % Error = (Obs – Actual) x 100 Actual Know this!!!

a) Ex: Lucy calculates the mean temperature at which corn seeds germinated fastest to be 24.5 oC. Her research indicates it should be at 25.2 oC. Calculate her percent error % error = (24.5 – 25.2) = 25.2 Is negative; msrd value BELOW actual -.7 x 100 25.2 = -2.8% If your value is HIGHER will be (+) Percent error, if LOWER, will be (-) Did not gain or lose accuracy in place value; original msrmnts to tenths, answer to tenths For us, goal is ≤ 10%!!!!!!!