Rawat Public School Activity : Greenland Dated : 22nd DECEMBER 2018 CONTENTS : problem of deforestation in the following countries Brazil CANADA CONGO CHINA INDONESIA AUSTRALIA INDIA Created by : MANSI SINGH REFERECE BY : MR. SHYAM SINGH

Deforestation in Brazil Causes : Cattle ranching and infrastructure Mining Activity Logging Hydroelectric Dams

Effects  The global effect it produces on climatic change. Rain forests.  Exploitation of forests for mining activities  increased the risk of mercury poisoning and contamination of the ecosystem and water. The Brazilian Amazon is known to possess vast resources for medicine  to find a cure for major global killers such as AIDS, cancer, and other terminal diseases.

Deforestation in Canada Though replanted in 1987, this forest near Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia lost much topsoil and resembled a desert by 1993 In 2005, an estimated 56,000 hectares were deforested in Canada. Deforestation affected less than 0.02% of Canada’s forests in 2005. The agricultural sector accounted for just over half of the deforestation in 2005, the result of forests having been cleared for pasture or crops. The remainder was caused by urban development, transportation corridors, and recreation (19%); hydroelectric development (10%); the forest sector (10%); and other natural resource extraction industries (8%). About two thirds of this deforestation occurred in Canada’s boreal forest, mainly in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba where the forest borders the Prairies. [43]

The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy. With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests, the country contains 10 percent of the world's forested land, made up mostly of spruce, poplar and pine. Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service, in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials, policy experts and numerous other stakeholders. Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies, and today less than 1 percent of Canada's forests are affected by logging each year. Despite the low amount of land that is logged, Canada is the world's second-largest exporter of forestry goods, and the industry contributes significantly to Canada's surplus global balance of trade. Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gasemissions, biotechnology, biological diversity and infestations of pests, such as the mountain pine beetle.

Forestry in Congo Slash and burn deforestation in southern Mexico to clear land for agriculture Country Democratic Republic of the Congo Location Congo Basin Forest type Rainforest Forest area 154,000,000 ha or 595,000 sq mi Deforestation rate 311,000 ha or 1,200 sq mi annually; 0.2%[1] Main causes Fuel wood and charcoal collection, artisanal and small-scale logging, industrial logging, clearing for agriculture, and road construction.

Effects of Deforestation in Congo Climate change :  by changing greenhouse gas emissions and eco-climate impact, or by changing the eco-service patterns, in this case, rainfall. Forests are sinks for carbon.  Bush meat : road access has been shown to increase land clearing for \farming, it also has other indirect yet significant implications for hunting and the bushmeat trade. Soil erosion :  soil erosion could soon threaten the safety of nuclear power plants.

Deforestation in China Causes of deforestation Lumber industry Urbanization Agricultural expansion Livestock Ranching

Effects of Deforestation in China Decrease in biodiversity Decrease in climate services Implications on soil and water Preventive measures for deforestation Plant a tree Go paperless Recycle Buy organic products Use reusable bags Minimize carbon footprint

Forestry In Indonesia Deforestation in Riau province, Sumatra, to make way for an oil palmplantation (2007). Deforestation in Indonesia involves the long-term loss of forests and foliage across much of the country; it has had massive environmental and social impacts. Indonesia is home to some of the most biologically diverseforests in the world and ranks third in number of species behind Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.[1]

Affected regions Indonesia's lowland tropical forests, the richest in timber resources and biodiversity, are most at risk. By 2000 they have been almost entirely cleared in Sulawesi, and predicted to disappear within few years in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

Land clearing in Australia CAUSES Agriculture Bushfires in Australia

Effects of deforestation in Australia Land condition Soil erosion Salinity Biodiversity Climate change Deforestation and climate extremes

Deforestation in India Deforestation in India is the widespread destruction of major forests in India. It is mainly caused by environmental degradation by stakeholders such as farmers, ranches, loggers and plantation corporations. In 2009, India ranked 10th worldwide in the amount of forest loss,[1] where world annual deforestation is estimated as 13.7 million hectares (34×106acres) a year.[1]

Environmental issues in India Major issues Population growth and environmental quality Greenhouse gas emissions Water pollution Solid waste pollution Land or Soil pollution

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