Brain Development Child Development
Essential Question What are the major parts of the brain? What are the main functions of each part of the brain?
The Brain The brain is the control center of the body. The brain contains numerous sections – each of which carry out specific tasks that function in maintaining homeostasis (balance)
Solve the case Examine the diagrams below. Do you think this is a survivable injury? Why or why not? Discuss amongst your group.
External features of the brain Structure Function Cerebral Hemispheres Largest part of the brain Large paired structures divided into left and right hemispheres Carries out higher thought processes involved with; Language, learning, memory, and voluntary body movements Cerebellum “little brain” Smaller structure under the base of the brain at the back of the head Responsible for balance and coordination Brainstem Extends from the base of the brain into the spinal cord Made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and parietal lobe Relays signals between the brain and the spinal cord
External features of the brain
The brain stem Structure Function Pituitary gland Referred to as the “master gland” Produces many hormones that travel throughout the body – stimulates other glands to produce hormones Pons Top region of the brain stem Relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum Helps control breathing rate Medulla oblongata Beneath the pons Lower portion of the brainstem Connects to the spinal cord Relays signals between the brain and the spinal cord Helps control blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate Spinal cord Connected to the brain stem Runs down length of back Connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain Sends nerve impulses to the brain
The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum Pituitary gland
The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum Pituitary gland
The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum Pituitary gland
Lobes of the brain Structure Function and other notes Frontal lobe Conscious thought, behavior, emotion, planning, personality, organizing, problem solving. Most uniquely human part of all brain structures. Located at the front of the brain. Parietal lobe Integration of sensory information – perception, arithmetic, spelling, manipulation of objects. Middle top of the brain. Temporal lobe Senses smell and sound, as well as processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes, memory, and understanding language. Located in the temple region. Occipital lobe Sense of sight. Back of brain, above the cerebellum. Four lobes - Parietal lobe Frontal lobe - Occipital lobe Temporal lobe - Brain stem - Cerebellum
Lobes of the brain Looking at the diagram to the right, damage to which region would cause hallucinations? Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
Lobes of the brain Looking at the diagram to the right, damage to which region would result in mood changes and/or social differences? Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital
So did this man survive?
Yes! Phineas Gage – and here’s the explanation for how!
Thinking Cap Activity: Step 1 Mark the LOBES we discussed on your cap with a permanent marker. Be sure to include the cerebellum.
Thinking cap activity: Step 2 Map the functional areas as seen in the diagram below with different colored permanent markers. The brain is both anatomically and functionally segregated. Different functions are located in particular regions of each lobe.
Brain activity Once you have completed your thinking cap – grab a sheet and answer the questions. Turn into the tray when finished