Introduction to Cells.

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Students Will: summarize the contributions scientists have made toward the cell theory state the cell theory.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Cells

What is a cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Early Contributions Robert Hooke - First person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665) Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673)

Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed tissues of animals had cells (1839) Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed tissues of plants contained cells ( 1845) Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )

The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells. *Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a Fact?

Comprehension Checkpoint True or false…. Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells. The Cell Theory was developed by a single scientist. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells. It only took five years to develop the Cell Theory. Who used the first microscope? Who said that plants were made of cells? Who coined the term “cell”? Who said that all animals were made of cells? Who said that cells must come from existing cells?

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Do NOT have a membrane bound nucleus Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

Prokaryotic Cells Rod shaped Spherical Spiral

Eukaryotic Contain organelles, including a nucleus surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal

Cell structure is rectangle Cell structure is round Plant Cell Animal Cell Cell structure is rectangle Cell structure is round One LARGE vacuole Several small vacuoles Chloroplast- Green food making orgnelles No chloroplasts Cell Wall- Helps to support the plant No Cell Wall

Comprehension Check What are the two types of cell? What type of cell are bacteria? What type of cell has a nucleus? Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?

Types of Molecules Nucleic Acids Amino Acids Sugars Lipids

Nucleic Acids The “building blocks of loving organisms” DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Holds the code for every cell in the organism Genetic information is stored here RNA – Ribonucleic Acid Serves as a genetic messenger and relays information from the DNA to the cells where it will be used to create proteins

Amino Acids The “building blocks” of proteins 20 different kinds of amino acids Plants make all of their own Animals only make 10 and must consume the others

Sugars Sugars provide the energy resource for cells Also used as a form of energy storage in cells

Lipids Lipids are made of fatty acid molecules They are a valuable energy source and provide twice the amount of energy as sugars

Comprehension Check What is the relationship between RNA and DNA? What is an amino acid? What do sugars provide the cell with? What are lipids made of?