Mustafa Nasser, PhD, MSc, BSc Chemical Engineering

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Presentation transcript:

Mustafa Nasser, PhD, MSc, BSc Chemical Engineering CHE402: Kinetics and Reactor Design CHAPTER TWO Conversion and Reactor Sizing Mustafa Nasser, PhD, MSc, BSc Chemical Engineering Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reaction Conversion Consider the general reaction; on a “per mole of A basis”… Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reaction Conversion The conversion of A (XA) is defined as: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Conversion (Batch System) Consider the batch reactor mole balance: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Batch Reactor Design Equation Recall the batch reactor design equation differential form integral form Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Conversion (Flow System) Consider the flow reactor mole balance: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

CSTR Design Equations Recall the CSTR Design Equation: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

PFR Design Equations Recall the PFR Design Equation: differential form integral form Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Application of Design Equations Consider a single reaction system with functional dependence as; Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Application of Design Equations: Levenspiel Plots Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Application of Design Equations For the CSTR; Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Application of Design Equations For the PFR; Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Comparison PFR always requires less volume than a CSTR to achieve a given conversion. Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

CSTRs in Series FA,0 FA,1 X1 V2 V1 FA,2 X2 Where the conversion for successive reactors is defined as: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

PFRs in Series V1 FA,0 FA,1 X1 V2 FA,2 X2 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

CSTRs in Series Finally consider a number of CSTRs in series: Reactor 1: Reactor 2: X We see that we approach the PFR reactor volume for a large number of CSTRs in series: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reactors in Series FA,0 V2 V1 V3 FA,1 X1 FA,2 X2 FA,3 X3 Where the conversion for successive reactors is defined as: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reactors in Series FA,0 V2 V1 V3 FA,1 X1 FA,2 X2 FA,3 X3 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reactors in Series FA,0 V2 V1 V3 FA,1 X1 FA,2 X2 FA,3 X3 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reactors in Series FA,0 V2 V1 V3 FA,1 X1 FA,2 X2 FA,3 X3 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Reactors in Series FA,0 V2 V1 V3 FA,1 X1 FA,2 X2 FA,3 X3 V3 V2 V1 X1 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Numerical Evaluation of Integrals (Appendix A.4) he integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using a method such as Simpson's One-Third Rule (page 1014) Simpson's One-Third Rule is one of the more common numerical methods. It uses three data points. Other numerical methods (see Appendix A, pp 1009-1015) for evaluating integrals are: Trapezoidal Rule (uses two data points) Simpson's Three-Eighth's Rule (uses four data points) Five-Point Quadrature Formula Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Relative Reaction Rates Relative reaction rates of the species involved in a reaction can be obtained from the stoichiometric coefficients: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Space Time () Time necessary to process 1 reactor volume of fluid at entrance conditions Also called residence time or holding time 1/ is referred to as the Space Velocity For a PFR, Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

(a): V= 6.4 m3 = 6400 = dm3 = 6400l Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

(a) Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

(b) Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

(c) Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Solution 2-7 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Read the discussion 2.5.4 Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012

Try This: Dr Mustafa Nasser 2012