CHAPTER 3 Growth of a New Nation

Alien & Sedition Acts Unconstitutional because it denied freedom of speech and press Led to principle of nullification (the states have the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deem unconstitutional).

Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison judicial video clip Ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional judicial video clip

Jeffersonian Era Started the Republican Party Simple gov. is best Shrink power and influence of fed. gov. Shrink navy until need arises

Louisiana Purchase Jefferson buys land from Miss. River to Rocky Mtns. From France (Napoleon) for $15 million. This doubled the land mass of the U.S. Lewis Clark video clip jeff video clip

War of 1812 U.S. shipping threatened by France and Great Britain We focus out anger on Britain because of their policy of impressment impress video clip

Consequences of war Washington D.C. re-built Growth of American industry who had to supply the war effort Confirmed the U.S. as an independent, viable, strong country.

Monroe and Jackson – American Expansion Monroe Doctrine – warning to Eur. powers not to colonize in western hemisphere. An assertive but important statement. (Europe obeyed!)

Expansion (cont.) Manifest destiny = it is inevitable (our destiny) to head west and take over the continent from Mexico and Native Americans. (it was our God-given right)

Expansion (cont.) 49th parallel established Oregon Trail leads many to the Northwest Territory California Trail to San Francisco Santa Fe Trail to the southwest

Florida Seminole Indians raid Georgian farms and harbor slaves. This makes Georgians upset Andrew Jackson fights Seminole and enters Florida (controlled by Spain) To avoid war, Adams (Sec. of State) signs the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) U.S. pays $5 million to Spain…They cede it to us.

The Spanish West and Southwest Mexican Independence from Spain Father Hidalgo and his reforms: Ends slavery in Mexico. Ended unfair taxes. Spread the wealth among the people. Defeated and executed in 1811. Mexico gains independence in 1821 Its borders include present-day CA, AZ, NM, TX, NV, & UT

Texas Moves Toward Independence Tejanos – Spanish settlers who established a cattle-ranching society in present-day Texas. Americans are encouraged to come to Texas and make a living as long as they follow the rules: Obey Mexican laws Become Mexican citizens Support the Catholic Church They don’t! Texans declare Independence from Mexico.

The Lone Star Republic Texans revolt and win independence from Mexico. General Santa Anna attacks at the Alamo, kills all 114 inside. Becomes rallying cry for Texas war for independence. U.S. government decides not to annex. Becomes a country – The Republic of Texas (The Lone Star Republic) 1836 – 1845

The Mexican War Why were they mad? They’ve been nice, and we spit in their face. California, Texas The disputed border Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the region to “protect U.S. interests there.” Americans are killed on “American soil” and war is declared.

Mexico is defeated. Signs the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo U.S. agrees to pay $15 million for the ‘Mexican Cession’

Precedents are Established The Mexican War was the first U.S. war fought mostly on foreign soil. 1st covered by newspapers. 1st to be photographed New ideas Antiwar sentiment Civil Disobedience

Review Questions: Why did Mexico allow the first American settlers into Texas? Why did Texas eventually become a state of the U.S.? What was the belief that Americans need to span the continent? How did we acquire the Mexican Cession?