Medical Terminology: 5th Edition Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System Professor Fowler

CV Word Roots and Suffixes Angi/o: vessel Aort/o: aorta Arteri/o: artery Ather/o: fatty substance Atri/o: atrium Cardi/o: heart Coron/o: heart, encircling Embl/o: embolus Hemangi/o: blood vessel Myocardi/o: heart muscle Pect/o: chest Phleb/o: vein Sept/o: septum, wall Sphygm/o: pulse Steth/o: chest Thromb/o: blood clot Valv/o: valve Valvul/o: valve Varic/o: dilated Vascul/o: blood vessel Vas/o: vessel Ven/o: vein Ventricul/o: ventricle -manometer: instrument to measure pressure -tension: pressure -tonic: pertaining to tone (fit) -ole: small -ule: small

Vocabulary Bradycardia: a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute Embolus (pic): obstruction of blood vessel by foreign matter or blood clot that is mobile

Vocabulary Infarct: area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply Ischemia: local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction Murmur: abnormal heart sound orthostatic hypotension: sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly Palpitations: pounding, racing heartbeats Plaque: yellow, fatty deposit Regurgitation: to flow backwards Tachycardia: having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute Thrombus: blood clot within a blood vessel

Vocabulary/Pathology Angina Pectoris: chest pain Auscultation: to listen Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): both sides of the heart are failing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): plaque in the arteries of the heart Myocardial Infarction (MI): heart attack

Abbreviations BP: blood pressure Bpm: beats per minute CABG: coronary artery bypass graft Cath: catheter CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation CV: cardiovascular DVT: deep vein thrombosis ECG, EKG: electrocardiogram HTN: hypertension IV: intravenous P: pulse

The Cardiovascular System Also called the circulatory system Composed of heart and blood vessels Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Purposes: distribute blood throughout body, distribute nutrients, collects waste for excretion Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Heart Hollow muscular pump Located: mediastinum (middle chest) Size: about size of loose fist Shape: upside down pear apex

Heart Layers Chambers Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Pericardium Atria Ventricles Septum:

Heart Valves Tricuspid Pulmonary Bicuspid (mitral) Aortic

ECG for Electrical Impulse of Heart

Blood Vessels Lumen is the channel within blood vessels Arteries Thick walled Away from heart Aorta is largest Coronary arteries (pic) arterioles Capillaries Tiny, thin blood vessels Arterioles meet venules Veins Low pressure so has valves Towards the heart Venules Inferior and Superior Vena Cavas are largest

Pulse and Blood Pressure Blood pressure: Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel Systole: Diastole: Pulse: