Distinct Molecular Signature of Human Skin Langerhans Cells Denotes Critical Differences in Cutaneous Dendritic Cell Immune Regulation Marta E. Polak,

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Distinct Molecular Signature of Human Skin Langerhans Cells Denotes Critical Differences in Cutaneous Dendritic Cell Immune Regulation Marta E. Polak, Stephen M. Thirdborough, Chuin Y. Ung, Tim Elliott, Eugene Healy, Tom C. Freeman, Michael R. Ardern-Jones Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 134, Issue 3, Pages 695-703 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.375 Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Skin migratory CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LCs) and CD11c+ dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells. (a, b) Flow cytometric staining of human skin isolated, bead-purified migratory (a) LC and (b) DDC. Representative example. (c) Log2(x) expression of DC markers in unstimulated LCs and DDCs, microarray analysis (n=3 independent skin donors, in duplicate). (d–f) CFSE dilution assay of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–specific HLA-matched CD8+ T-cell line stimulated by EBV-peptide (d) or with EBV-peptide pulsed LCs (e) or DDCs (f). (g) IFN-γ ELISpot assay of EBV-specific CD8+ activation by 9-amino-acid EBV-peptide pulsed LCs (black bar) or DDCs (grey bar). (n=3). (h) IFN-γ ELISpot assay of 39-amino-acid EBV-specific CD8+ activation by EBV-long peptide pulsed LCs (black bar) or DDCs (grey bar). (n=3, unpaired t-test; ***P<0.005). CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; FSC, forward scatter; NS, not significant; SFU, spot forming units; SSC, side scatter. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 695-703DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.375) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 CD1a+ Langerhans cell (LC) and CD11c+ dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) show distinctively different pattern of gene expression. Visual representation of whole transcriptome analysis of CD1a+ LCs and CD11c+ DDCs (n=3 independent skin donors, time course (0, 2, 8, and 24 hours) of stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). (a, b) Sample-to-sample clustering. (a) Multidimensional scaling analysis, LC (right quadrants) and DDC samples (left quadrants) as indicated. Kruskal’s stress 0.099 for two-dimensional scaling. (b) Sample-to-sample clustering of CD1a+ LCs and CD11c+ DDCs expression profiles (BioLayout Express3D, correlation coefficient (r)=0.96, Markov clustering algorithm (MCL)=2.2). Lines (edges) represent the similarity between samples. Circles (nodes) represent transcriptomes measured at different time points. (c) Transcript-to-transcript clustering, (BioLayout Express3D, r=0.85; MCL=1.7) of 2,334 probesets differentially regulated by TNF-α. Lines (edges) represent the similarity between transcripts; circles (nodes) represent genes. (d–f) Mean (±SEM) expression profiles for clusters 1–14, LC (black bars) and DDC (grey bar). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 695-703DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.375) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Genes organizing structure of biological membranes are important for Langerhans cell (LC) function. (a–f) Gene expression of CAV1 (a, b), PMSD14 (c, d), and CCL18 (e, f) in LC (black bars) or dermal dendritic cells (DDCs; grey bars) assessed by microarrays (a, c, e; robust multichip average (RMA) normalized) and quantitative PCR (qPCR; b, d, f; expression normalized to house-keeping gene YWHAZ (2−dCT) at various time points following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). (g) IFN-γ ELISpot assay of cross-presentation to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–specific CD8+ by LC treated with or without caveolin-1 inhibitor (filipin III). n=3 independent skin donors. *P<0.05. SFU, spot forming units. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2014 134, 695-703DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.375) Copyright © 2014 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions