Trends in Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Adults in South Africa, 2000–2016: A Pooled Sequence Analysis Benjamin Chimukangara,

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Trends in Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Adults in South Africa, 2000–2016: A Pooled Sequence Analysis Benjamin Chimukangara, Richard J. Lessells, Soo-Yon Rhee, Jennifer Giandhari, Ayesha B.M. Kharsany, Kogieleum Naidoo, Lara Lewis, Cherie Cawood, David Khanyile, Kassahun A. Ayalew, Karidia Diallo, Reshmi Samuel, Gillian Hunt, Alain Vandormael, Babill Stray-Pedersen, Michelle Gordon, Tariro Makadzange, Photini Kiepiela, Gita Ramjee, Johanna Ledwaba, Monalisa Kalimashe, Lynn Morris, Urvi M. Parikh, John W. Mellors, Robert W. Shafer, David Katzenstein, Pravi Moodley, Ravindra K. Gupta, Deenan Pillay, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Tulio de Oliveira EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.03.006 Copyright © 2019 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Flow diagram of articles and datasets identified and selected for the pooled sequence analysis of PDR in antiretroviral therapy-naive adults in South Africa. EClinicalMedicine DOI: (10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.03.006) Copyright © 2019 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance by year of sampling. A) Overall, B) non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, C) nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, D) protease inhibitor. Each bubble represents a dataset and the size of the bubble is proportional to the number of sequences in the dataset. The sampling year is shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage PDR on the vertical axis. PDR, pretreatment HIV drug resistance. EClinicalMedicine DOI: (10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.03.006) Copyright © 2019 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Prevalence of specific mutations in HIV-1 sequences with any drug resistance mutation. Mutations shown on the horizontal axis include all mutations observed in >1% of the sequences with any drug resistance mutation. DRM, drug resistance mutation. EClinicalMedicine DOI: (10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.03.006) Copyright © 2019 Terms and Conditions