Chapter 26 NEW IMPERIALISM

What’s Imperialism? Building an “Empire” Imperialism - Establishing authority over another nation by exercising economic and political force or by territorial acquisition.

Comparing to Early Modern Colonization “Early Modern Colonization” began in the 15th century and lasted until the 18th century

Leading Nations The major powers were Spain, Portugal, England, & France Land Colonized- Most of the land that they colonized was in the “new world,” aka the Americas

Characteristics of Early Modern Colonization Exploiting natural resources, setting up centers of trade Mercantilism Roman Catholic missionaries Slave trade Founding settlements and attracting large amounts of immigrants Technology  seagoing vessels, muskets, cannon

Motives behind Early Modern Colonization Primary motives that drove Early Modern Colonization were… New trade routes Acquiring precious metals Religious missionaries Expansion of territory, particularly for agriculture

New Imperialism New Imperialism began in the 1870’s and lasted until 1914

Leading Nations A much larger number of nations were involved in New Imperialism: France Great Britain Germany Italy Belgium Russia Spain USA Japan

Land Colonized Primary focus was – Africa South and Southeast Asia

Characteristics of New Imperialism Investment in less developed countries Free trade Nationalist fervor Protestant as well as Catholic missions “Humanitarian” duty to spread Western civilization Spheres of influence and protectorates Attempt to control native populations Colonies served as markets for manufactured goods

Motives behind New Imperialism The primary motives that drove New Imperialism are greatly debated by historians: Some emphasize the economic imperative to obtain resources that their countries lacked Others emphasize the social and political motivations of nationalist pride, racism, and the sense of duty to spread Western ideals

New Imperialism: Great Britain Spheres of Influence and Protectorates - Protectorate is a non-Western territory that Western nations exercised control over without officially annexing it Sphere of Influence – Arrangement where Western nation (or US or Japan) received special economic privileges without direct political involvement EXAMPLE: Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain, and China was in its Sphere of Influence

Great Britain in China Britain grew Opium in India Sold it to Chinese, who became very addicted Chinese officials attempted to ban the import of opium Led to Opium Wars, which China lost (1830s-1860s) Led to greater freedom for Great Britain economically

Great Britain in India Background: The British East India Company Traded spices, tea, silk, cotton, indigo dye, and opium Had its own military and eventually ruled over large areas of India

Coffee House in mid-19th century British India

British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

Sepoys, 1850s Sepoys were born in India Sepoys were paid soldiers for the East India Company (mercenaries) Britain needed about 300,000 sepoys to secure India for the company

The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857 Also called India’s First War of Independence Result: End of East India Company and British crown takes over

Great Britain in India Beginning of the British Raj, from 1858 to 1947 Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India

Great Britain in India India was the most important part of the British Empire – “Jewel in the crown” Provided base for military and economic power in Asia Britain would go to great lengths to protect India

Great Britain in India

Great Britain in India Complications of rule: non Western cultures, religions, traditions Heterogeneous population Often treated Indians as inferiors

Task Complete the map & cartoon questions (2nd page) Complete Gandhi reading (3rd page)