Cytotoxic therapy induces CSF1-dependent macrophage recruitment.

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Cytotoxic therapy induces CSF1-dependent macrophage recruitment. Cytotoxic therapy induces CSF1-dependent macrophage recruitment. A, analysis of TAM depletion following CSF1/CSF1R blockade. Mice bearing 1.0-cm orthotopic PyMT-derived tumors were treated either with αCSF1 or αCD11b neutralizing immunoglobulins (Ig) or with PLX3397. Treatment regimen is shown, and flow cytometric analysis of tumor-infiltrating D45+Ly6G−Ly6ClowCD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and CD45+CD11b+Ly6Ghigh iMCs is depicted as mean percentage of total cells ±SEM. B, selective depletion of TAMs following CSF1R kinase blockade. MMTV-PyMT mice (either 80 or 84 days old) were treated with PLX3397 for 4 or 8 days. Treatment regimen is shown, and flow cytometric analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD45+Ly6G−Ly6ClowCD11b+F4/80+ TAMs, CD45+Ly6G−Ly6ClowCD11blow/−CD11chighMHCIIHi DCs, and CD45+CD11b+Ly6GHi iMCs in mammary tumors is depicted as mean percentage of total cells ±SEM. C, perivascular TAMs resisting PLX3397. Representative images of F4/80+ cell staining of mammary tumors from 90-day-old MMTV-PyMT mice treated with PLX3397 (vs control) for 8 days. Insets (a and b) show F4/80 staining in tumor stroma and tumor interior; (i), costaining for F4/80 (red) and CD31 (green); scale bar, 500 μm, 100 μm (a and b); 25 μm (i). D, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) migration in response to conditioned medium from MMTV-PyMT MECs treated with either vehicle or PTX (25 nM for 24 hours), evaluated by Boyden chamber assay. CD45+CD11b+ peripheral blood monocytes after migration to the lower chamber, in the presence or absence of PLX3397 (50 nM), as quantified by flow cytometry. Data are depicted as mean cell number assayed in triplicate. E, PTX-induced TAM recruitment inhibited by PLX3397. TAM density in mammary tumors removed from MMTV-PyMT mice following treatment with PTX ± PLX3397. Treatment regimen is shown with mouse age, and data are depicted as mean number of CD45+Ly6G−Ly6C−CD11b+F4/80+ TAMs as a percentage of total cells ±SEM (analyzed by flow cytometry, >5 mice/group). Representative IHC staining for F4/80 (red) and nuclear DNA (blue) from the same cohort of animals is shown. Scale bar, 500 μm; *, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney) in A–E. David G. DeNardo et al. Cancer Discovery 2011;1:54-67 ©2011 by American Association for Cancer Research