T3D14 What was the Marbury v. Madison case, and what was its importance? REVIEW: Vid Next: Anyone who wants to present their Presidential Proclamation, make it known now! 

Ch. 9.2 The Louisiana Purchase U.S. History I Ch. 9.2 The Louisiana Purchase

Settling West During the early 1800s, many Americans were moving West, into unsettled lands and establishing homesteads, or farmhouses and such. They took their things often in Conestoga Wagons, as well as a trusty rifle for hunting, and an ax to clear the land. VID During this period, Americans could go as far West as the Mississippi; that was the border between the U.S. and Spain, which controlled Louisiana, a vast area that went far north, and all the way West to the Rockies. Thanks to Pinckney’s Treaty, the U.S. could use the Mississippi and head all the way to the ocean thru Spanish-controlled New Orleans. This was vital to the settlers in the Western frontier.

Unknown to the Americans, the French had secretly purchased Louisiana from the Spanish. This was a scary thought.

French Threat In 1802, the U.S. suddenly received word from Spain that they would no longer be able to use the port of New Orleans, nor would they be allowed to come or go through Spanish territory on the Mississippi. This was a huge deal. That access was vital to the Americans. Then, they found out about a secret deal between Spain and France (the Treaty of Ildefonso, 1800) Apparently, Napoleon Bonaparte (yes, THAT Napoleon) the leader of Revolutionary France had great ambitions in the New World. Not only was he and the French trouncing around Europe, but he had plans to establish an empire in the Americas as well. His base of operations would be Santo Domingo. But then the Haitian Revolution happened, and the French were defeated VID

Willingness to Negotiate After losing Santo Domingo, Napoleon realized that his ambitions in the Americas would have to wait. France was waging a costly war in Europe against Britain, and they needed money. Meanwhile, Jefferson was afraid of what France might do on their western border. Besides limited access to the Mississippi, they weren’t on the best of terms. If they bought Louisiana however, that would solve the French Problem and the Mississippi one at the same time. He authorized Robert Livingston, the new Minister to France, to spend up to $10 million dollars to acquire the Louisiana territory: VID

As you can see, the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 doubled the size of the country, and led to the even more settling and expansion by Americans on the Western Frontier. Manifest Destiny was thus born

The Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-1806) After the purchase, the U.S. needed to know what exactly they now had. An expedition was organized, led by Jefferson’s own secretary Meriwether Lewis, and a friend of his, William Clark. They organized an intrepid group, and set out in the Spring of 1804. VID

Exploring the Unknown The journey was treacherous; they didn’t know what to expect, and nearly died several times. They gather very valuable info, and their stories and discoveries inspire many more pioneers to head Westward. However, without Sacagawea, they likely never would have returned: VID Meanwhile, Pres. Jefferson sent others to explore Louisiana. Lt. Zebulon Pike led two different expeditions, all the way to Colorado, and south into Mexico. Meriwether Lewis William Clark Sacagawea Lt. Zebulon Pike

Why do you think that Zebulon Pike went so far south in his journeys Why do you think that Zebulon Pike went so far south in his journeys? The border was undefined, and if you laid claim to something, it was easier to keep that claim. The Spanish caught him, but eventually let him go.

Confederacy: Northern Style?? Meanwhile, many Federalists were afraid that the new territory would be settled by Republicans, and they would be a minority…so they planned for New England to secede & form the Northern Confederacy (with Canada’s help), also with the help of New York & its hero, former VP Aaron Burr. Instead, he was called out by Alexander Hamilton as a traitor (who disliked Burr before this incident), which led to a duel between the two. The plans to secede died with Hamilton. VID

HW Imagine that you are a journalist for a local paper. Lots of things are happening in the U.S. during the first term of Pres. Jefferson, and you’ve got a paper to sell! Pick an issue that you think is interesting, and then decide whether you are going to write an editorial letter, or perhaps instead draw a political cartoon illustrating the issue. The choice is yours! Here are your topics you may address: Marbury v. Madison & Judicial Review The Louisiana Purchase The Lewis & Clark Expedition Zebulon Pike’s Expeditions The Northern Confederacy Burr & Hamilton’s Duel