Class 16: Other Saints of the 16th and 17th C Dr. Ann T. Orlando 20 February 2019

Introduction Present a few more of the great saints from this period Groupings: Founders Theologians Missionaries Martyrs

Some Founders of Orders and Congregations St. Philip Neri, d. 1595; Congregation of the Oratory St. Angela Merici; d. 1540, Ursilines St Jean de Chantal; d. 1641; Order of Visitation of Mary St. Cajetan; d. 1547; Theatines St. Peter Fourier; d. 1640, Congregation of Our Saviour St. John Eudes; d. 1680, Order of Our Lady of Charity St. Vincent de Paul; d. 1660 Congregation of the Mission and Daughters of Charity St. Louise de Marillac; d. 1660 Daughters of Charity St. Jean-Baptiste de la Salle; d. 1719 Christian Brothers

St Philip Neri “Third Apostle of Rome” 1533, moved to Rome from Florence in 1533 Ministered to poor, needy, prostitutes 1548, Founded the Confraternity of the Most Holy Trinity to minister to pilgrims 1551, ordained priest 1575, Established the Congregation of the Oratory as a place for priests and others to meet for prayers, hymns, Scripture readings Each Oratory is an independent community of secular priests and lay brothers Each Oratory usually undertakes some special pastoral work 1622, Philip Neri was canonized

The Ursulines Founded in Italy by St. Angela Merici (1474- 1540) in 1535 Named for St. Ursula, 4th C martyr Original Ursulines Lived with families Committed to various charitable activities, especially education of young girls Rule written by Angela Merici in 1536 St. Charles Borromeo encouraged Ursulines in Milan to live in community as a congregation Emphasis on education St. Angela Merici was canonized in 1807

Congregation of the Visitation Founded by St. Jean de Chantal (1572-1641) Married to a Baron and had 4 children; her husband and 2 children died by 1601 St. Jean dedicated herself to charitable works In 1604 she met St. Francis de Sales, who became her spiritual director Visitation Sisters established in 1610 Focus on hospital work and education St. Jean de Chantal canonized in 1767

Some Mystics and Theologians Pope St. Pius V, d. 1572, Dominican who implemented Trent St. Joseph of Cupertino, d. 1663, Franciscan who gained mystical knowledge through prayer St. Peter Faber, d. 1546, Jesuit, original companion, worked in Germany St. Peter Canisius, d. 1597, Jesuit, Patristics scholar, Jesuit colleges in Germany St. Thomas of Villanova, d. 1555, Augustinian, preacher, ascetic, bishop St. Benedict the Moor, d. 1589, Franciscan, ascetic, aid to poor St. Aloysius Gonzaga, d. 1591, Jesuit, died caring for sick in Rome St. Francis Borgia, d. 1572, third Superior General St. Rose of Lima, d. 1617, 3rd Order Dominican, ascetic St. Kateri Tekakwitha, d. 1680, virgin and mystic St. Martin de Porres, d. 1639, Dominican, mystic, aid to poor

Pope St. Pius V Born in Italy, entered the Dominican order Taught theology and philosophy; was the Dominican novice master Known for his piety and asceticism Elected pontiff in 1566 Forced Cardinals to live austere lives Distributed revenue from Papal States to poor Rejected attempts to relax clerical celibacy Encouraged unity of Christian princes against Turks threatening Europe Instituted feast of Our Lady of Rosary as second Sunday of October as victory of Battle of Lepanto, 1571 Canonized 1712

St. Francis Borgia Great grandson of Alexander VI His grandfather, Juan, may have been assassinated by his brother Caesar Francis Borgia was heir to the wealthy Borgia estates in Spain As a young man, he was a favorite at the court of Charles V Known for his musical compositions Slowly, he started to move to a more virtuous way of life When his wife died, he moved to Rome to join the Jesuits Ordained a priest in 1551 He was a spiritual director to Charles V after he abdicated He was known for his austerity and piety Borgia became director-general of the Jesuits the same year Pius V started his pontificate, 1566 Two worked very closely together to implement the decrees of Trent He provided organized support for Jesuit missions, not relying on Imperial support Canonized in 1670

St. Kateri Tekakwitha Born about 50 mi west of Albany, NY Born 1656. Her mother was a Christian Algonquin Indian, taken captive by Mohawks; her father was Mohawk Mohawks very opposed to Christianity In 1676, visiting Jesuits baptized her Kateri (Catherine) She took a vow of perpetual virginity Tried to live her faith, but was severely persecuted and fled to a village near Montreal, the Shrine of St. Francis Xavier Known for her kindness and piety, died in 1680 In weeks following her death, she reportedly appeared to three of her friends, including her biographer, Father Chauchetière, S.J. Her grave became a place of pilgrimage, especially for Mohawks Canonized in 2012, first North American Indian saint.

Some Missionaries St. Jose de Anchieta, d. 1597, Jesuit, Brazil Venerable Alonzo de Barcena, d. 1597, Jesuit, Bolivia and Peru Venerable Alessandro Valignano, d. 1606, Jesuit, China and Japan Venerable Jeronima de la Asuncion, d. 1630, Poor Clare, Philippines St. Domingo de Erquica d. 1633, Dominican missionary to Philippines Jacques Marquette, d. 1675, Jesuit, American Midwest

St. Jose de Anchieta Born 1534 in Canary Islands Went to Portugal to study, where he joined the Jesuits Arrived in Brazil in 1553, and was sent to the interior to minister to the Indians Became expert at Tupi language, and was first to transcribe it Wrote catechetical works and plays in Tupi, Spanish and Portuguese Also an accomplished naturalist First to describe many plants and animals found in Brazil Canonized in 2014

Venerable Jeronima de la Asuncion Born 1555 in Toledo to a noble family She met Teresa of Avila, who was a role model for her Entered the Poor Clare monastery in Toledo, joining two of her aunts In 1620 she left Toledo with a group of six nuns to establish a monastery in the Philippines At a stopover in Seville, Velazquez painted her portrait The trip from Spain, via Mexico to the Philippines took over a year; the group kept a journal of their travels In 1621 the monastery was established in Manila But native women were not allowed to join; only those of Spanish blood were admitted Nonetheless, due to her piety and kindness, she had a strong following and many native Philippines made a pilgrimage to her gravesite after her death in 1630.

Jacques Marquette Born in 1637 in France, entered the Jesuits In 1666 he arrived in Quebec, where he studied Indian languages In 1668 he travelled to Michigan to establish missions among the Indians In 1673 he joined the Joliet expedition to explore down the Mississippi River Forced by Spanish to turn back near Memphis TN Marquette most interested in establishing missions among the Illinois Indians He tried to return to Michigan in 1675, but died along the way

Some Martyrs St. Thomas More, d. 1535, theologian and St. John Fisher, d. 1535, English bishop and theologian St. Edmund Campion, d. 1581 Jesuit, and 40 English Martyrs St. Anne Line, d. 1601, laywoman English St. John of Cologne, Dominican and the Martyrs of Grokum, d. 1572, in Holland St. Rene Goupil, d. 1608, Jesuit in Canada St. Jean de Brebeuf, d. 1649, Jesuit; St. Isaac Jogues, Jesuit, d. 1646 North American Martyrs St. Paul Miki, Jesuit, d. 1597 and Twenty Six Martyrs of Japan Blessed Andrew Phu Yen, layman, d. 1644

St. Anne Line Born 1563, family was Calvinist She was disowned by family when she converted to Catholicism Married Roger Line, a fellow Catholic, who was forced into exile Anne established a house of refuge for Catholic priests in London She was captured in 1601, and convicted of harboring Catholic priests. She was executed in 1601 Canonized in 1970

St. John of Cologne Born c. 1500 in Germany; joined the Dominicans after attending the University of Cologne Sent to a parish church near Gorkum, part of Spanish Netherlands During the Dutch revolt against Spain, many Catholic priests were arrested by Calvinists revolutionaries Fr. John tried to visit them in prison to bring the sacraments to them In 1572 he and several parish members were arrested and executed Collectively canonized in 1865; known as the martyrs of Gorkum

Blessed Andrew Phu Yen Born in 1624 and baptized in 1641 Taught by Fr. de Rhodes Served as a lay helper to Jesuit missions in Vietnam Ruler of that section of Vietnam became concerned that too many were abandoning Confucianism and becoming Christians Andrew was arrested in 1644 and refused to renounce Christianity With Fr. de Rhodes in attendance and praying with him, Andrew was tortured and then beheaded Andrew was beatified in 2000