“The Quaker” Mascot for the University of Pennsylvania Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the settlement of Quakers in America. “The Quaker” Mascot for the University of Pennsylvania

Quakers and Pennsylvania LAWS OF PENNSYLVANIA OF 1683 Article 35: That all persons living in this province, who confess and acknowledge the one almighty and eternal God, to be the Creator, upholder and ruler of the world, and that hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall in no way be molested or prejudice for their religious persuasion or practice in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled at any time to require or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever.

The Quakers were Protestant reformers. • They believed that all people were equal. The Liberty Bell was cast in 1751-1753, by order of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's Charter of Privileges

Demonstration, Philadelphia, 1983 • They refused to serve in the army and opposed all warfare. Demonstration, Philadelphia, 1983

In 1965, eighth-grader Quaker Mary Beth Tinker, her fifteen-year-old brother John, and his friend Christopher Eckhardt wore a black arm band to mourn the dead of the Vietnam War and to support a truce. They were all suspended by the Des Moines School District for violating school policy. They claimed that their First Amendment right to free speech and expression was violated. In the landmark case Tinker v. Des Moines (1969), the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students, claiming "It can hardly be argued that students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate."

grave of Quaker WW II veteran

Quaker working in a mental hospital during WW II

Quakers fighting fires on the homefront.

• They refused to pay taxes to the Church of England. Movement by British Quakers to end the government’s use of their tax money for military objectives.

• Many Quakers were jailed, fined, and hanged. Therefore, the Quakers were persecuted in England! • Many Quakers were jailed, fined, and hanged. Statue of Mary Dyer inscription: Quaker witness for religious freedom. Hanged on Boston Common 1660.

King Charles II made William Penn, a Quaker, the proprietor of some land in America named Pennsylvania. King Charles II’s charter to William Penn, granting him the New World Colony now known as Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania - Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a model of religious freedom. William Penn (1644-1718), the Quaker proprietor of the colony of Pennsylvania, which was named after his father.

- Penn believed that land should be bought and not taken from the Native Americans.

- Thousands of Europeans moved to Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia (the “City of Brotherly Love”) grew quickly.