The Wonderful World of Cells Ms Bush/Ms Cohen Biology Fall 2011

Take a closer look…

Welcome to the World of Cells! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=firxS8BEhTk&feature=related

The Cell Theory All living things are ________________. Cells are the basic units of __________ ________________________________. New cells are produced ____________

Prokaryotes Very primitive No nucleus Usually smaller Simple

Eukaryotes More complex Have nucleus Usually larger Contain dozens of structures

Eukaryotic Cells can be Animal or Plant

Plant Cell

Animal and Plant cells have: Cell membranes-______________________ Organelles- _________________________ Cytoplasm- _________________________ In addition to a cell membrane, plants have a cell wall made of cellulose. What is cellulose and example of?

Nucleus (animal and plants) Contains _______ Surrounded by nuclear ___________________ Nucleolus inside - assembly of ________ Chromatin - consists of DNA bound to _______ DNA Envelope with nuclear pores Ribosomes proteins

Ribosomes (animal and plant) Found on ___________________ and in cytoplasm. Their job is to assemble___________. Small particles of _______ and _________ make up Ribosomes. Endoplasmic reticulum (rough) Proteins RNA and Proteins “ little protein factories”

Endoplasmic Reticulum (animal and plant) No ribosomes Has ribosomes Where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled, along with other materials exported from cells.

Golgi Apparatus (animal and plant) Modifies, sorts, and packages ________ and other materials from _____ for storage in the cell or _________ out of cell. Proteins, ER, secreted

Lysosomes (animal and plant) Gets rid of ald organelles that have outlived their usefulness, remove junk Diseases such as tay sachs can be linked to lysosomes that fail to function properly! Digestion of food particles - CONTAIN ENZYMES!!! Clean up crew! Digestion

Vacuoles (animal and plant) Central vacuole in plant cell Closets that store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Specialized pumps to control excess water inside cell. “Closets” that store _______, salts, proteins, and ______. Specialized _______ to control __________________. Vacuoles are much _____________ in plant cells.

Mitochondria (animal and plant) Power house of cell! Convert _________ energy Stored in _______ into Compounds that cell ____________. Chemical , food, can use! Increased SA! Why do you think this membrane is folded?

Chloroplasts (plants only) Capture energy from ___________ and Convert it into _________ ________ Photosynthesis!!! Sunlight, chemical energy Endosymbiotic theory - may be descendents of ancient prokaryotes, Lynn Margulis, BU Biologist suggested this theory. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA -

Cytoskeleton (plant and animal) microfilaments Network of ________ Filaments. Help cell to _______ Its shape. Involved in _________. Microtubules (not in pic) Help with shape, cell _________, & movement. Protein Keep Movement, division

Centrioles (animals only) Found in _________ _______ Located near ______________ Help with ________ ________________. Animal cells, the nucleus, cell division

Cell Quiz 1 nucleolus, 2, nucleus with nuclear membrane, 3 ribosome, 4 lysosome, 5 RER, 6 golgi, 7 cytoskeleton, 8 SER, 9 mitochondria, 10 vacuole, 11 cytosol/cytoplasm, 12 peroxixome, 13 centriole

Question 1 Despite differences in size and shape, all cells have cytoplasm and a Cell wall Cell membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus

Question 2 If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a (an) Plant Eukaryote Animal Prokaryote

Question 3 Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT: Mitochondria Chloroplasts A nucleus A cell membrane Golgi apparatus

Cell Summary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeK0lKkyYXo&feature=related

Exit Ticket Compare and contrast An animal and plant cell