Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets Nutritional Diets Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets

Food Allergy - Terminology Food _________ or ______ food reactions: account for 1% to 6% of all dermatoses in general practice. Not causing an immunological reaction Food _________: constitutes 10% to 49% of allergic responses in dogs and cats. Food allergies occur when an animal's immune system misidentifies a _______ from a food as an invader rather than a food item and mounts an immune response. The end result of this response can be ______ skin or ear and skin _________ in some pets, while it may cause vomiting or diarrhea in others.

Food Allergy - Terminology _______________ are diseases of the skin, especially one that does not cause inflammation ________________ response - a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen (immune reaction, immune response). _______ – mechanism of action _______ – flea allergy dermatitis

Food Allergy - Terminology _____________ (or autoimmune) - refers to a group of diseases characterized by dysregulated immune responses leading to tissue damaging inflammation. ________ - refers to the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis (i.e. eczema).  Atopy is typically associated with heightened immune responses to common ___________, especially inhaled allergens and food allergens. _________________ (IgE) - are antibodies produced by the immune system. If you have an allergy, your immune system overreacts to an ___________ by producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction.

Food Allergy - Terminology _______________ - is a skin condition that occurs in response to excessive itching or rubbing of the skin and results in thick, leathery patches of skin. This occurs because the outer layer of skin naturally thickens with the extra irritation. ____________ dermatitis – Dermatitis that is focused around the eyes __________ - inflammation of a saccule (i.e. anal sacs)

Food Allergy - Terminology ________dermatitis -  is the inflammation of the interdigital skin; the area of skin in between the toes and footpads. __________ dermatitis - is a skin disorder characterized by small, bumpy scabs. ___________ protein - is a protein source (typically from an animal, but not always) that is not commonly found in pet foods, and ideally that your pet has never been exposed to before. __________ protein - is a protein that has been at least partially hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids.

Food Allergy - Terminology _____________ diets – diets that are least likely to cause an allergic reaction ________ hypersensitivity – results in a exaggerated immune response to an antigen ______________ - inflammation of the skin lining the external ear canal leading to the ear drum.

Food Allergy - MOA Food _______ and food ______________: 3rd after atopy and FAD – Flea Allergy Dermatitis Immune mediated Type ___ hypersensitivity IgE binds with the antigen causing mast cells to release chemicals Type ____ hypersensitivity: GI signs Pg. 296 – has a small section about food allergies

Food Allergy – Clinical Signs Canines: Intense ________ (non-seasonal): feet, axillae, inguinal __________ ___________________ _____________ _____________ - hives Chronic _______ externa – Peri-ocular dermatitis, _____dermatitis, anal Sacculitis ______ have vomiting and diahrrea

Food Allergy __________________ __________________ Hyperpigmentation

_______________ Otitis Externa - inflammation of the skin lining the external ear canal leading to the ear drum.

Food Allergy ________________ Pododermatitis -  is the inflammation of the interdigital skin; the area of skin in between the toes and footpads. Food Allergy ________________

Food Allergy – Clinical Signs Felines Intense _________ (non-seasonal): head and neck __________ __________ dermatitis - is a skin disorder characterized by small, bumpy scabs ___________ dermatitis – _______ have vomiting and diarrhea Miliary dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by small, bumpy scabs

Food Allergy _________ Dermatitis Miliary dermatitis - is a skin disorder characterized by small, bumpy scabs Food Allergy _________ Dermatitis

Food Allergy ________ Dermatitis

Food Allergy - Allergen An Allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction. _____, ____proteins, ______proteins, ______peptides _______: Beef, dairy products, soy, chicken _______: Beef, dairy products, soy, fish Commonly used proteins are a big source of food allergies.

Food Allergy - Diets Protein: Novel or hydrolyzed Carbohydrate: Single easily digestible Fats Vitamins Minerals Novel protein is a protein source (typically from an animal, but not always) that is not commonly found in pet foods, and ideally that your pet has never been exposed to before. Hydrolyzed protein is a protein that has been at least partially hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids.

Food Allergy - Diagnosis FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for ______ days. This allows the body to become ___________ to the offending allergens. When the previous diet is fed back to the pet, an _____ hypersensitivity reaction may occur. This helps to identify that a _______ was the source of the allergic signs hypoallergenic diets – diets that are least likely to cause an allergic reaction acute hypersensitivity – results in a exaggerated immune response to an antigen

Food allergy – Diets Available Royal Canin Hypoallergenic HP – hydrolyzed protein Sensitivity RC – novel foods Sensitivity LR – novel foods Skin Support SS – novel food Potato and Duck – novel food Potato and Rabbit – novel food Potato and Whitefish – novel food Potato and Venison – novel food Hills d/d Duck – single novel protein d/d Lamb – single novel protein d/d Potato and Duck – single novel protein d/d Potato and Salmon – single novel protein d/d Potato and Venison – single novel protein d/d Rice and Egg – single novel protein d/d Salmon – single novel protein d/d Venison – single novel protein z/d low allergen – hydrolyzed protein z-d Ultra allergen free – hydrolyzed protein Other brands like Purina also have allergy diets available.

Food Allergy – Novel Proteins Hills d/d Egg and Rice

Food Allergy – Novel Proteins Fish and Potato

Food Allergy – Hydrolyzed Proteins z/d z/d Ultra Hydrolyzed protein is a protein that has been at least partially hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids. Contains NO whole animal proteins. Hydrolyzed chicken

Food allergy: Challenging A ________________ test is the best way to confirm a food allergy. The patient will be given ______ but ___________ amounts of the suspected protein source and monitored for any reaction. Only _____ protein source can be tested at a time. A food challenge test is the best way to confirm a food allergy. The patient will be given small but increasing amounts of the suspected protein source and monitored for any reaction. Only one protein source can be tested at a time.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus - MOA *Watch Video* https://youtu.be/oYX9ADq78QY

Diabetes Mellitus Definition: A __________ disorder caused by ___________ or ___________ insulin secretary response and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels (___________). A disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein ___________ caused by an absolute or relative insulin ____________.   _____________– Insulin Dependent DM – very low or absent insulin secretory ability ___________– Non insulin dependent DM (insulin insensitivity) – inadequate or delayed insulin secretion relative to the needs of the patient More common in __________.

Diabetes Mellitus Signalment: older patients, obese, top ___ disease in older cats Clinical signs: Poly______ - PU Poly______ - PD Poly______ Weight loss (Type 1) Cataracts – ______ Plantigrade stance (neuropathy) - ____

Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Chemistry screen: ____________ Urinalysis: _______________ Glycosuria - a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated with diabetes or kidney disease. Hyperglycemia – increased sugar in the blood. Normal urine glucose is typically less than 170 mg /dL Normal blood glucose can vary by machine but is typically 80 – 120 (the machine above show 70-143 mg/dL

Diabetes Mellitus Treatment options ________ _______ hypoglycemic drugs _________ management _________ meals

Diabetes Mellitus Dietary GOALS _________ blood glucose levels _________ postprandial hyperglycemia _________ hypoglycemia ________ or ________ long term effects of the disease ___________ and __________ an ideal body condition

Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs Carbohydrate _________ Carbs _______: High ____ digestion ________ the post-prandial glucose spike ___________ weight loss ________ risk of pancreatitis Vitamin ___ Hill’s ____ or _____ Post-prandial – period after eating a meal

Diabetes Mellitus - Cats Protein: ___________ ____________: Low Cats use protein as their _________ source of energy – blood glucose is maintained primarily through liver metabolism of fats and proteins Purina DM, Hill’s M/D Often a __________in cats can dramatically reduce or eliminate the need for insulin this is particularly true for ________ (non-insulin dependent)