Lateral Signaling Mediated by Axon Contact and Calcium Entry Regulates Asymmetric Odorant Receptor Expression in C. elegans Emily R. Troemel, Alvaro.

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Lateral Signaling Mediated by Axon Contact and Calcium Entry Regulates Asymmetric Odorant Receptor Expression in C. elegans Emily R. Troemel, Alvaro Sagasti, Cornelia I. Bargmann Cell Volume 99, Issue 4, Pages 387-398 (November 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81525-1

Figure 1 str-2 Encodes a Candidate Odorant Receptor that Is Asymmetrically Expressed in the AWC Olfactory Neurons (A) A str-2::GFP fusion is first expressed in about ten cells in the late embryo. The str-2::GFP fusion contains 3.7 kb of upstream region and the first seven amino acids fused to GFP. Nonspecific GFP expression is also seen in the posterior gut. Figure shows a confocal z series image collapsed into one plane. (B) str-2::GFP drives strong expression in an AWC neuron of an adult. (C) A GFP-tagged full-length STR-2::GFP fusion protein localizes to the AWC cilia of an adult. (D) All animals with an integrated str-1::GFP transgene express GFP in both AWB neurons. (E and F) About half of the animals with an integrated str-2::GFP transgene express GFP in the right AWC neuron, and the other half express GFP in the left AWC neuron. (B and C) Lateral views. Anterior is left; dorsal is up. (D–F) Dorsal views. Anterior is left; right is up. Cell 1999 99, 387-398DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81525-1)

Figure 2 Ca2+ and cGMP Signaling Regulate str-2::GFP Expression (A) str-2::GFP is expressed in both AWC neurons in an unc-36 mutant animal. (B) str-2::GFP is expressed in neither AWC neuron in an unc-43(gf) mutant animal. Arrowhead indicates faint ASI expression. (C) str-2::GFP is not expressed in an odr-1 adult animal. (D) str-2::GFP is expressed in one AWC neuron in an odr-1 L1 animal. Images are a confocal z series collapsed into one plane; anterior is left, and dorsal is up. Cell 1999 99, 387-398DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81525-1)

Figure 3 Axon Guidance Mutants Are Defective in str-2 Asymmetry (A) A lateral diagram showing the morphology of one AWC neuron. (B) A cross-sectional diagram of both AWC axons. The two neurons are in contact in the dorsal half of their trajectory and synapse on each other. (C) A lateral view of the AWC neuron as visualized by str-2::GFP expression. The axon projects dorsally past the cell body and then wraps around the contralateral side. Arrow indicates the dorsal midline. (D) str-2::GFP expression in an unc-76 mutant animal. The AWC axon often terminates prematurely (arrow) and fails to reach the dorsal midline. (E) str-2::GFP is not expressed in this unc-76 mutant animal. (F) str-2::GFP can be expressed in both AWC neurons in unc-33 mutants. (C)–(F) are confocal z series images collapsed into a single plane; anterior is left, and dorsal is up. Cell 1999 99, 387-398DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81525-1)

Figure 4 Model for str-2 Regulation (A) Epistasis based on double mutant analysis. (B) Possible cell interactions involved in the choice to express str-2 in a hypothetical example in which the right AWC neuron will become AWCON (see text for details). Cell 1999 99, 387-398DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81525-1)