8-6: Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1930s

Thematic Learning Objectives WXT 1.0 Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and the United States, and explain their effects on workers’ lives and U.S. society. WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues. POL 1.0 Explain how and why political ideas, beliefs, institutions, party systems, and alignments have developed and changed. POL 3.0 Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. social and economic life have affected political debates and policies.

Key Concept Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.

First New Deal, 1933-1934 New Deal Philosophy Overview Three R’s No clear plan of action Sought to restructure capitalism Keynesian Economics Three R’s Relief to the people Stimulate recovery Reform the American economy Brain Trust

First New Deal, 1933-1934 Hundred Days Bank Holiday Sought to restore confidence in banking system Shut down all banks Reopened after reorganized and proven sound Repeal of Prohibition Fireside Chats

First New Deal, 1933-1934 Hundred Days Financial Recovery and Reform Programs Relief for the Unemployed Industrial Recovery Farm Production Control Programs

Opponents of the New Deal Liberal Critics—too little Pushed for larger economic changes Demagogues Father Charles Coughlin Nationalize banks, labor rights Dr. Francis Townsend Retirement pension Recipients would stimulate economy Huey Long “Share Our Wealth” Presidential challenge

Opponents of the New Deal Conservative Critics—too much Sought to limit the New Deal’s scope The Supreme Court Court Reorganization Plan Supreme Court struck down many New Deal programs FDR attempted to “pack” the court Reaction Opposition from both parties Aftermath Judges began siding with FDR Court-packing bill not needed

Second New Deal 1934 Midterm Elections Relief Programs Reforms Democratic victory gave FDR mandate to continue New Deal Relief Programs Reforms Social Security