Galanin-Like Peptides Exert Potent Vasoactive Functions In Vivo Sabine M. Schmidhuber, Radmila Santic, Christina W. Tam, Johann W. Bauer, Barbara Kofler, Susan D. Brain  Journal of Investigative Dermatology  Volume 127, Issue 3, Pages 716-721 (March 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700569 Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effects on inflammatory edema of the galanin-peptide-family. (a) Edema formation was induced by i.d. injection of SP (300pmol) and CGRP (10pmol), and the effect of coinjected salbutamol, endothelin-1 (n=4), and galanin peptides (n=6) is shown. Results are expressed as plasma extravasation (μl/g), mean±SEM measured by the 125I-BSA method. Responses that are significantly different from the corresponding SP+CGRP-treated sites are shown (*P<0.05, **P<0.01; Dunnett's). (b) Edema formation was induced by histamine (3nmol) and CGRP (10pmol), and the effect of coinjected galanin (3pmol) is shown. Results are expressed as plasma extravasation (μl/g), mean±SEM (n=4) measured by the 125I-BSA method. Responses that are significantly different from the corresponding histamine+CGRP-treated sites (**P<0.01; Dunnett's). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The dose-related effect of galanin on edema formation induced by i.d. injected SP (300pmol) with CGRP (10pmol). The response to increasing doses of galanin (0.1–10pmol) coinjected with SP+CGRP is shown as % inhibition (mean±SEM.) of edema formation measured by the 125I-BSA method. (n=10). Responses that are significantly different from the corresponding SP+CGRP-treated sites are shown (**P<0.01; Dunnett's). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of GALP on inflammatory edema. Edema formation was induced in response to i.d. injected SP (300pmol) with CGRP (10pmol). The response in increasing doses of (a) GALP (1–60) (n=6) and (b) GALP (3–32) (n=8) coinjected with SP+CGRP is shown as % inhibition (mean±SEM.) of edema formation measured by the 125I-BSA method. Responses that are significantly different from the corresponding SP+CGRP-treated sites are shown (*P<0.05, **P<0.01; Dunnett's). (c) The effect of GALP (3–32) (10pmol) on plasma extravasation induced by SP+CGRP as observed by Evans Blue. Note that the intensity of blueing to SP+CGRP is reduced in the presence of GALP (3–32). GALP (3–32) alone had no effect when compared to vehicle. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The dose-related effect of galanin and GALP on blood flow. The dose–response effect of (a) galanin (n=8) and (b) GALP (3–32) (n=10) is shown as decrease in % clearance (mean±SEM) compared with vehicle (Tyrode-injected) skin. Results that are significantly different from Tyrode-injected sites are shown (*P<0.05; **P<0.01). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Effect of galanin and GALP peptides on blood flow in cutaneous dorsal microvasculature. The responses of salbutamol and ET-1 as negative and positive controls, respectively, are shown alongside responses of the most potent concentration (according to Figure 4) of galanin and GALP peptides (GALP (1–60), GALP (1–32), and GALP (3–32)). Responses are shown as decrease in % clearance (mean±SEM) compared with vehicle (Tyrode-injected) skin (n=8). Results that are significantly different from clearance at Tyrode-injected sites are shown (**P<0.01). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 RT-PCR analysis of murine skin. RT-PCR analysis of murine skin mRNA for galanin receptor subtype 1, GalR2, and GalR3 expression. Lane 1: 100bp ladder; lane 2: negative control; lane 3–5: dorsal murine skin of three different animals; and lane 6: murine brain cDNA. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2007 127, 716-721DOI: (10.1038/sj.jid.5700569) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions