Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Methods Using Topical Antibiotics  James C. Hurley, MBBS, DMedSci, MEpi, PhD  CHEST  Volume 146, Issue 4, Pages 890-898 (October 2014) DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2926 Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schematic of control and intervention patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an ICU. Color coding within horizontal arrows represent different colonizing flora, and circular arrows represent contextual effects resulting from cross-colonization. CHEST 2014 146, 890-898DOI: (10.1378/chest.13-2926) Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Category-specific mean ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence and 95% CIs. A, Observational and control groups. B, Intervention groups. The dashed line shows the summary mean ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence derived from the observational studies. Note that the x-axis is a logit scale. NC = nonconcurrent; TA = (studies of) topical antibiotic. CHEST 2014 146, 890-898DOI: (10.1378/chest.13-2926) Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Scatter plots of ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence. A, Observational and control groups. B, Intervention groups. The center dashed line shows the summary mean ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence derived from the observational studies together with the 95% prediction intervals (right and left dashed lines). Note that the x-axis is a logit scale. See legend for expansion of abbreviations. CHEST 2014 146, 890-898DOI: (10.1378/chest.13-2926) Copyright © 2014 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions