Signaling Interplay in Ras Superfamily Function

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Signal Transduction II Transduction Proteins & Second Messengers.
Advertisements

Two receptor classes Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
Caffeine Signaling via Ligand-Receptor Binding Agonist - ligand binding to a receptor and eliciting a response Antagonist - ligand binding to a receptor.
Model for regulation of the Ras p21 product and for the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) as a downstream effector and regulator of ras activity. Ras is.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Briefly explain the location of the cellular receptor and the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. Distinguish between synaptic, paracrine, and endocrine.
Monomeric G proteins
AMPK—Sensing Energy while Talking to Other Signaling Pathways
The Cool-2/α-Pix Protein Mediates a Cdc42-Rac Signaling Cascade
OVERVIEW: Signals for cell surface receptors (hydrophilic):
Regulation of platelet plug formation by phosphoinositide metabolism
Molecular regulation of mast cell activation
Sustaining Proliferative Signaling and Evading Growth Suppressors
Eph-Ephrin Bidirectional Signaling in Physiology and Disease
Sustaining Proliferative Signaling and Evading Growth Suppressors
Ambiguous Origin: Two Sides of an Ephrin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
You have identified a novel cytoplasmic protein
The Cbl Family and Other Ubiquitin Ligases
Signal Transduction Through the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
G. Aaron Hobbs, Alfred Wittinghofer, Channing J. Der  Cancer Cell 
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis
Signal transduction: Gyrating protein kinases
Ready, Set, Go! How Protein Kinase C Manages Dynamic Signaling
Molecular regulation of mast cell activation
Structural Basis of Rho GTPase-Mediated Activation of the Formin mDia1
Volume 8, Issue 16, Pages (July 1998)
M.J. Rebecchi, S.N. Pentyala  British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Structure and Intrinsic Disorder in Protein Autoinhibition
Designing New Cellular Signaling Pathways
Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors: Members of a unique family of G protein–coupled receptors  Charles D. Ulrich, Martin Holtmann‡,
RASopathy Gene Mutations in Melanoma
Calcineurin Current Biology
AMPK—Sensing Energy while Talking to Other Signaling Pathways
Membrane Traffic: Trans-Golgi Tethers Leave a Surprisingly Small GAP
Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages (November 2004)
Crystal Structures of Ral-GppNHp and Ral-GDP Reveal Two Binding Sites that Are Also Present in Ras and Rap  Nathan I. Nicely, Justin Kosak, Vesna de Serrano,
RalGDS comes of age Cancer Cell
Switching on BTK—One Domain at a Time
Signal Transduction: RABGEF1 Fingers RAS for Ubiquitination
RAS Proteins and Their Regulators in Human Disease
AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating the Network
Raf-1 Cysteine-Rich Domain Increases the Affinity of K-Ras/Raf at the Membrane, Promoting MAPK Signaling  Shuai Li, Hyunbum Jang, Jian Zhang, Ruth Nussinov 
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cognition
SNARE complex assembly and disassembly
GEFs and GAPs: Critical Elements in the Control of Small G Proteins
Volume 11, Issue 21, Pages (October 2001)
Fidelity in protein synthesis
Gang Dong, Martina Medkova, Peter Novick, Karin M. Reinisch 
Hilde van Hattum, Herbert Waldmann  Chemistry & Biology 
Vesicle Trafficking: A Rab Family Profile
The dynamin superfamily
Volume 22, Issue 17, Pages R705-R711 (September 2012)
Spatiotemporal Regulation of RhoA during Cytokinesis
Cell Division: Aurora B Illuminates a Checkpoint Pathway
Cancer and Inflammation: An Aspirin a Day Keeps the Cancer at Bay
Double Suppression of the Gα Protein Activity by RGS Proteins
GTP-Dependent K-Ras Dimerization
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling pathway.
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages (January 2009)
Intracellular Signaling
Small G Protein Signaling in Neuronal Plasticity and Memory Formation: The Specific Role of Ras Family Proteins  Xiaojing Ye, Thomas J. Carew  Neuron 
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 1-11 (July 1997)
Ras and Rho GTPases Cell
Rho and Rac Take Center Stage
RAS activation RAS activation (A) RAS is bound to GDP in the inactive state. Signal transduction can lead to the activation of RAS, via a GEF (GDP/GTP.
Brief Review – Growth Factors and Receptors
Actin Nucleation: Putting the Brakes on Arp2/3
Cell Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
The Cbl Family and Other Ubiquitin Ligases
K-Ras Populates Conformational States Differently from Its Isoform H-Ras and Oncogenic Mutant K-RasG12D  Jillian A. Parker, Alicia Y. Volmar, Spiro Pavlopoulos,
Presentation transcript:

Signaling Interplay in Ras Superfamily Function Natalia Mitin, Kent L. Rossman, Channing J. Der  Current Biology  Volume 15, Issue 14, Pages R563-R574 (July 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010 Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Regulation of the Ras GDP/GTP cycle. The structural differences between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound (PDB: 4Q21 and 5P21, respectively) states of Ras (green) are localized to two regions of the protein (red), termed switch I (Ras residues 32–38) and switch II (residues 59–67), with the GTP-bound conformation exhibiting increased affinity for downstream effectors. The structure of nucleotide-free human H-Ras (residues 1–166) in complex with the catalytic Ras-binding domain of human Sos1 (residues 564–1049; PDB: 1BKD) includes the REM (blue) and CDC25 (yellow) homology domain. The structure of H-Ras–GDP (residues 1–166) in the presence of aluminum fluoride is shown in complex with the catalytic RasGAP fragment of human p120 RasGAP (residues 1198–1530), with interaction predominantly with switch I and II (PDB: 1WQ1) [100]. The structure of H-Ras (residues 1–166) bound with the GTP-hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog GppNHp, is shown in complex with the 97 amino acid RA domain of human RalGDS (residues 790-886; PDB: 1LFD) [101]. Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Ras regulators and effectors. (A) RasGEFs. In addition to the CDC25 domain, Sos and Ras-GRF contain DH RhoGEF and PH domains. Other domains found in RasGEFs include: H2A, histone 2A homology; IQ, short calmodulin-binding motif containing conserved I and Q residues; EF, Ca2+-binding EF hand; and C1, protein kinase C conserved region 1, which binds DAG and phorbol esters. (B) RasGAPs. RasGAPs have a common ~250 amino acid α-helical catalytic domain (RasGAP). Other domains present in RasGAPs include: SH2, Src homology 2; SH3, Src homology 3; PH; C2, protein kinase C conserved region 2 that serves as a Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding motif; Sec14, Sec14p-like lipid-binding domain; and BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase cysteine-rich zinc-binding motif. (C) Ras effectors with GEF catalytic domains. All RalGEFs contain a REM and a CDC25 homology domain. PLCɛ also contains a CDC25 homology domain, but lacks a clear REM domain. Additionally, PLCɛ contains a PH domain, EF hand Ca2+-binding motifs, the phospholipase C X and Y catalytic boxes (PLCX and PLCY) and a C2 domain. In addition to the tandem DH–PH domain structure characteristic of RhoGEFs, Tiam1 contains the Raf-like RBD, a second PH domain, and a PDZ domain. In addition to an RA domain, RIN family proteins also possess an SH2 domain. The domain architecture of Ras-interacting proteins was generated by using SMART (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/). Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Regulation of Sos1 and activation of Ras and Rac. As described in the text, both receptor tyrosine kinase and G-protein coupled receptor induced signaling pathways regulate Sos1-mediated activation of Ras or Rac. Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Ras-GRF1 regulates GTPase activation and effector utilization. NMDAR- or G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated upregulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ promotes Ca2+-activated calmodulin (CaM) association with the IQ motif to promote RasGEF activation. As described in the text, RasGRF1 also serves as a scaffold that facilitates Rac activation and Rac-mediated activation of specific downstream effector function. Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Ras effectors function as GEFs to diversify Ras signaling and engage other GTPase cascades. As described in the text, some Ras effectors serve as GEFs for other members of the Ras GTPase superfamily. Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Activated Ras–GTP association with the RBD promotes Tiam1 activation of Rac. Tiam1 is activated by upstream stimuli including PI3K, Src, NMDAR-stimulated Ca2+ influx, and receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Similar to Ras-GRF1, the PH domain of Tiam1, together with the adjacent coiled-coil (CC) and Ex sequences (which promote Tiam1 membrane association; also called the TSS domain), interact with JIP2/IB2 to facilitate Rac activation of the MLK3–MKK3–p38 MAPK cascade (not shown), with spinophilin to promote Rac activation of p70 S6 kinase [98], and with IRSp53 to promote Rac-mediated lamellipodia formation (not shown). Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 GTPase activation of PLCɛ. Activated Ras, Rap1, Rap2, and R-Ras proteins promote PLCɛ lipase activity by interaction with the RA domains [88,90], whereas activated RhoA, Ral, and Gα and Gβγ subunits activate PLCɛ via RA-domain-independent mechanisms that remain to be defined. Current Biology 2005 15, R563-R574DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.010) Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions