By: Sierra Mushett, Jay Burns Phylum Annelida By: Sierra Mushett, Jay Burns

Digestive System

Organs PHARYNX- this is where food enters and is swallowed by the worm. CROP- this is where food is stored. GIZZARD- this is where food is ground up by stones that the earthworm has eaten. INTESTINE- glands in the intestine aid in digestion, this is where the food is absorbed and taken to the rest of the body.

Reproductive System

Reproductive Organs CLITELLUM- secretes a sac that holds the eggs SEMINAL VESICLES- stores sperm SEMINAL RECEPTACLES- used to communicate by testis sacs OVARIES- this is where ova is arranged for development TESTES- these produce sperm

The reproduction in these worms can be either asexual or sexual. The asexual is by fragmentation, budding, budding, or fission. The eggs of terrestrial forms start off in cocoons and hatch as miniature versions of the adults. The eggs usually develop into free- swimming larvae. Their ability to regenerate lost body parts is highly developed in many from polychaetes and oligochaetes.

Circulatory System

Circulatory Organs AORTIC ARCHES- pump blood into the dorsal and ventral blood vessels, similar to a human heart DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL-carries blood to the front of the earthworm’s body VENTRAL BLOOD VESSEL- carries blood to the back of the earthworm’s body

Nervous System

Nervous Organs GANGLIA “BRAIN”- The brain connected to the ventral nerve cord VENTRAL NERVE CORD- provides movement throughout the length of the worm

The nervous system also typically consists of a primitive brain, or ganglionic mass, which is located in the head region. The nervous system consists of a single or double nerve running along the ventral side of the body. Active annelids such as the earthworm have larger ganglia in the head region that serve as simple “brains”. The organs used for sensing generally include eyes, taste buds, tactile tentacles, and organs of equilibrium called statocysts.

Excratory System

Excretory Organs NEPHRIDIA (METANEPHRIDIA)- collects fluid from the coelom and nephridiopore, nutrients and water are reabsorbed through this process. Waste is left behind and excreted.

External Structure

External Organs SETAE- bristles that help control the worm while moving through soil CUTICLE- the outermost layer of the worm,usually covered in cilia

Sources https://projects.ncsu.edu/project/bio402_315/Annelids/annelid.html https://www.ncsu.edu/project/bio402_315/Annelids/annelid.html http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/zoology- invertebrates/annelida http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Advanced-Concepts/section/15.26/ https://www.britannica.com/animal/annelid/Form-and-function

APA Citations . (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://projects.ncsu.edu/project/bio402_315/Annelids/annelid.html . (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.ncsu.edu/project/bio402_315/Annelids/annelid.html Earthworms. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html Annelida. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from http://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/zoology-invertebrates/annelida Wilkin, P. D., & Blanchette, J. (2016, August 29). CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Advanced-Concepts/section/15.26/ Annelid. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/animal/annelid/Form-and-function