persistent ptsd persistent ptsd current threat arousal symptoms trauma characteristics/beliefs prior experiences/coping subsequent events thinking processes during trauma nature of trauma memory negative assessments of trauma/subsequent events persistent ptsd persistent ptsd matching triggers arrows indicate the following relationships leads to prevents change in influences Ehlers A, Clark D A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder Behav Res Therapy 2000; 38: 319-45 current threat arousal symptoms intrusions, strong emotions strategies intended to control threat/symptoms

story: telling, tapes, writing & discussion current threat arousal symptoms intrusions, strong emotions nature of trauma memory negative assessments of trauma/subsequent events arrows indicate the following relationships leads to prevents change in influences matching triggers reconstructing the story: telling, tapes, writing & discussion imagery rescripting, behavioural experiments, understanding & compassion tackling substance abuse, education, desensitization, behav- ioural experiments strategies intended to control threat/symptoms Ehlers A, Clark D A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder Behav Res Therapy 2000; 38: 319-45