Bacteroidetes bacteria are the main contributors to LPS biosynthesis in the human gut microbiome. Bacteroidetes bacteria are the main contributors to LPS.

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Bacteroidetes bacteria are the main contributors to LPS biosynthesis in the human gut microbiome. Bacteroidetes bacteria are the main contributors to LPS biosynthesis in the human gut microbiome. (A) Average abundance per sample of genes related to the three main LPS biosynthesis-related functions. (B) Relative contributions of the different phyla to the total LPS-encoding capacity of the gut microbiome determined in both cohorts. The three functions of LPS biosynthesis were pooled. The darker-color set is HMP samples, and the lighter-color set is NVS samples. (C) Contribution of individual species to LPS biosynthesis functions. The average relative abundances of genes related to any of the three LPS-related GO functions are shown for individual species within each phylum. Only species detected in >50% of the donors in each data set are shown. The darker-color set is HMP samples, and the lighter-color set is NVS samples. (D) Correlation of individual-species abundance with stimulation of IL-6 production as determined in panel A. (E) Correlation of individual-species abundance with inhibition of IL-6 production as determined in panel B. Each data point represents one independent experiment. Rs, Spearman rho. Eva d’Hennezel et al. mSystems 2017; doi:10.1128/mSystems.00046-17