Effects of cryopreservation on contractile properties of porcine isolated aortic valve leaflets and aortic wall Claes Wassenaar, MD, PhDa, Willem A.

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Effects of cryopreservation on contractile properties of porcine isolated aortic valve leaflets and aortic wall Claes Wassenaar, MD, PhDa, Willem A. Bax, PhDb, Robert-Jan van Suylen, MDc, Voijslav D. Vuzevski, MD, PhDc, Egbert Bos, MD, PhDd The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages 165-172 (January 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4 Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Example of tracing of contractile response of porcine aortic leaflet to single dose of 100 mmol/L K+ and to increasing concentrations of noradrenaline. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effect (plus or minus standard error of mean) of noradrenaline on isolated valve leaflets and aortic strips, before (open circles) and after (solid circles) cryopreservation (n = 6 to 7). Effect is expressed as percentage of contraction to 100 mmol/L K+. Concentration of noradrenaline refers to molars per liter. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effect (plus or minus standard error of mean) of ET-1 on isolated valve leaflets and aortic strips, before (open circles) and after (closed circles) cryopreservation (n = 7). Effect is expressed as percentage of contraction to 100 mmol/L K+. Concentration of ET-1 refers to molars per liter. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effect (plus or minus standard error of mean) of PGF2α on isolated valve leaflets and aortic strips, before (open circles) and after (closed circles) cryopreservation (n = 6 to 7). Effect is expressed as percentage of contraction to 100 mmol/L K+. Concentration of PGF2α refers to molars per liter. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effect (plus or minus standard error of mean) of 5-HT on isolated valve leaflets and aortic strips, before (open circles) and after (solid circles) cryopreservation (n = 6 to 7). Effect is expressed as percentage of contraction to 100 mmol/L K+. Concentration of 5-HT refers to molars per liter. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 A, Electron microscope picture of myofibroblasts in fresh semilunar leaflet (original magnification ×7000). Throughout cytoplasm fine actin fibrils are visible. B, Myofibroblast in cryopreserved leaflet showing swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These morphologic changes are considered to be reversible (original magnification ×7000). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 A, Electron microscope picture of myofibroblasts in fresh semilunar leaflet (original magnification ×7000). Throughout cytoplasm fine actin fibrils are visible. B, Myofibroblast in cryopreserved leaflet showing swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These morphologic changes are considered to be reversible (original magnification ×7000). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1997 113, 165-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70412-4) Copyright © 1997 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions