Data-Based Models of How Pressure Ulcers Develop in Daily-Living Contexts of Adults With Spinal Cord Injury Florence A. Clark, PhD, Jeanne M. Jackson,

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Data-Based Models of How Pressure Ulcers Develop in Daily-Living Contexts of Adults With Spinal Cord Injury Florence A. Clark, PhD, Jeanne M. Jackson, PhD, Michael D. Scott, MD, Mike E. Carlson, PhD, Michal S. Atkins, MA, Debra Uhles- Tanaka, MA, Salah Rubayi, MD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 87, Issue 11, Pages 1516-1525 (November 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329 Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Observed liabilities and buffers that affect pressure ulcer risk in the sample (N=20) of adults with SCI. NOTE. Numbers in parentheses correspond to the frequency of mention in the liability and buffer summaries of the 20 sampled subjects with SCI. Abbreviation: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Individualized risk-profile pie chart (model 2). Buffers and liabilities of 2 research participants: (A) Robert and (B) Helen. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Individualized risk-profile diagram (model 3): Robert. Legend: Unshaded boxes represent liabilities, shaded boxes represent buffers, circled numbers inside the boxes indicate the relative importance of each risk profile element; →, facilitates; -·-·→, inhibits. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Overview of generalized pressure ulcer event sequence. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Analytic example of pressure ulcer. Shaded boxes represent buffers, unshaded boxes represent liabilities; →, facilitates; -·-·→, inhibits. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Long-term pressure ulcer event sequence with feedback loops. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006 87, 1516-1525DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2006.08.329) Copyright © 2006 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions