Internet2 Overview By Lee Perlis Membership Services Manager lperlis@internet2.edu Brandeis University This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy. 4/10/2019

Internet2 FAQ What (and why) is Internet2? Will Internet2 replace today’s Internet? Will there be an Internet3? How (or when) can I connect to Internet2 from home? What’s your stock ticker symbol? These are some commonly asked questions that this presentation will answer. 4/10/2019

People on the Internet Millions of People This chart shows the rapid rise in the number of people using the Internet. The projected figures are probably conservative. Source: Nua Internet Surveys 4/10/2019

Computers on the Internet Millions of Computers This shows the number of computers on the Internet. Increasingly, however, non-computer devices will be connected to the Internet, and the total number of devices—computer and non-computer—will rise much more rapidly than the number of computers. The size of the Internet has doubled every 11 months since its inception and this rate will only increase in the future. Source: Internet Domain Survey 4/10/2019

Yesterday’s Internet Thousands of users Remote login, file transfer Applications capitalize on underlying technology These are some important characteristics of the Internet during its pre-commercial development. 4/10/2019

Today’s Internet Millions of users Web, email, low-quality audio & video Applications adapt to underlying technology Since commercialization in 1994, key characteristics of the Internet have changed: the size of the network and the capacity applications require support beyond the original design parameters of the underlying technologies. 4/10/2019

Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video-conference, HDTV) Interconnect personal computers, servers, and imbedded computers New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges) Tomorrow’s Internet promises even more demands: many more users and even more demanding applications. New capabilities must be developed to realize the potential of tomorrow’s Internet. 4/10/2019

The Network Performance Gap hype More technological potential Performance performance gap However, there are significant divergences among these three things: The potential of the technology: what the entire network could do if the underlying technologies worked together in an optimal way. Actual performance: the real-world performance an end-user sees Hype: the performance we’d have if all the press releases and marketing materials were true. actual performance Less Time 4/10/2019

Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations. 4/10/2019

Download of “The Matrix” DVD 4/10/2019

What Is Internet2? A project of the university community working with our corporate colleagues and government to close the gap between the potential and reality of the Internet 4/10/2019

Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for: Millions of users Congestion Multimedia Real time interaction But, only the Internet can: Accommodate explosive growth Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration Internet2 is focused on the Internet’s potential for our future 4/10/2019

Why University Leadership? The Internet came from the higher research university community Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- The WWW protocols University of Illinois -- The Web browser Research universities require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it 4/10/2019

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization ANS/Core PSI MichNet Today’s Internet AOL UUNet SURANet InternetMCI NYSERNet ANS This spiral represents one way of looking at the development of the Internet. As the Internet moved from a research project to a commercial service, a set of partnerships fostered its development. During this process, the Internet grew in a number of ways: size, complexity, bandwidth, etc. Internet2 is forming the partnerships needed for technologies in a second cycle of innovation make their way into the commercial Internet. Intelligent Networks GigaBit Testbeds ARPANet NSFNet NGI MBone Internet2 Research and Partnerships Development 4/10/2019

Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. This is the Internet2 mission. 4/10/2019

Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet These are the three primary goals of Internet2. 4/10/2019

Organization: Membership Regular members: 199 U.S. research universities Corporate members: 70+ companies Affiliate members: 30+ non-profits supporting Internet2 4/10/2019

Requirements for Regular Membership Campus Infrastructure -- more than 100 million bit/second network Connectivity to national Internet2 backbone -- 155 million bit/second or greater Share Internet2 backbone expense Support for application development and common software $1-2 million/year typical expenditure 4/10/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Advanced Network Infrastructure New Network Capabilities Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 4/10/2019

Advanced Applications Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed/Distance learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination Advanced applications come in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet. Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2. 4/10/2019

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping This application links an MRI machine with a supercomputer to produce 3-D visualizations of the neurons in a patient’s brain firing in real-time. The resulting animation can be viewed by any doctor that has access to high-performance networking. These capabilities transform the process of visualizing a patient’s brain—a process that normally takes days—and allows doctor’s to work in ways not previously possible. 4/10/2019

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator This is an application which allows remote control of an electron microscope that can actually move molecules around. The application also provides “force feed-back” to the remote operator. 4/10/2019

Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii 4/10/2019

Virtual Laboratories Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF Space Physics Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments from around the world (including Greenland) w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. It also allows them to combine data from instruments around the world to enable science not previously possible. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 4/10/2019

Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago Tele-immersion Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago 4/10/2019

Tele-cubicles and the CAVE Tele-cubicles and CAVEs are different interfaces used for some advanced applications. Immersion in a virtual world, or interaction among people using these interfaces allows people to interact with applications in new ways. The requirements of network applications using these kinds of displays generally require advanced networking. 4/10/2019 Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

Distributed Computation Large-scale computation University Corporation for Atmospheric Research This visualization is the result of a computer model for a cyclone developing over Asia. It is the result of combining computing resources and data physically located around the country. It allows meteorologists to provide longer-range and more accurate forecasts, thereby giving people more advance and more accurate notice of potentially dangerous and damaging weather. Image courtesy of UCAR 4/10/2019

Middleware A layer of software between the network and the applications Authentication Identification Authorization Directories Security Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applications 4/10/2019

Internet2 Middleware Initiative Internet2 community has unique needs and capabilities Middleware Architecture Committee for Education Early Harvest and Early Adopters PKI Shibboleth (authentication) Computational middleware (Beta Grid) Medical middleware Directories The commercial development of middleware has lagged. These are some of the activities and work underway within the Internet2 community. 4/10/2019

Applications and Engineering Motivate Enables This diagram represents the interplay between applications and engineering. These two activities are often separate in networking development. Within Internet2, it is important that these two areas work together. Engineering 4/10/2019

Internet2 Network Infrastructure Backbones operate at 2.4 Gbps (OC48) capacity today GigaPoPs provide regional high-performance aggregation points Local campus networks provide 100 Mbps to the desktop This is a broad generalization of the Internet2 network infrastructure. 4/10/2019

National Networks Internet2 Backbone Networks Abilene vBNS+ Federal Backbone Networks DREN ESnet NREN 4/10/2019

Internet2 Network Architecture GigaPoP One GigaPoP Two Internet2 Backbone Networks This diagram shows the network architecture being developed by Internet2 members. GigaPoP Three GigaPoP Four 4/10/2019

Internet2 Interconnect Network Architecture Internet2 Interconnect Cloud GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Commercial Internet Connections University B University A This diagram illustrates a possible ways universities access the high-performance and commercial networks 4/10/2019

Internet2 Backbone Networks This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI WorldCom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University. Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA 4/10/2019

Internet2 GigaPoPs 40+ August 2002 These are the location of the Internet2 gigaPoPs. 4/10/2019

New Network Capabilities Quality of Service: QBone http://www.internet2.edu/qbone/ Scalable IP Multicast http://www.internet2.edu/multicast/ IPv6 Distributed Storage: I2-DSI http://dsi.internet2.edu/ Digital Video: I2-DV http://dv.internet2.edu/ I2MI: GlueWorks www.internet2.edu/middleware/ These are some of the new network capabilities that advanced networks will need to implement and which the Internet2 community is working on. 4/10/2019

Internet2 Universities 199 Universities as of August 2002 This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus. 4/10/2019

Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 4/10/2019

Internet2 Corporate Partners 3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel AT&T Cabletron Systems Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi Microsoft Netcom Systems Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications WCI Cable WorldCom This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 4/10/2019

Internet2 International Partners AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CANARIE (Canada) CESnet (Czech Republic) CUDI (Mexico) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) Fundacion Internet 2 Argentina (Argentina) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) JAIRC (Japan) JISC/UKERNA (UK) NORDUnet (Nordic countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCCN (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) REUNA SingAREN (Singapore) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TAnet (Taiwan) TERENA (Europe) These are the organizations in other countries with which Internet2 has formal relationships. These organizations have goals and objectives which are similar to those of Internet2. Most of these are the organizations and/or networks serve all of higher education in their respective countries. When its appropriate and possible, Internet2 works to interconnect the high-performance research and education network infrastructure in the United States with that in the countries of these organizations. 4/10/2019

Additional Participation Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 30 Affiliate Members There are also over a total of 70 corporate members (including corporate partners) in Internet2, and over 30 affiliate members. 4/10/2019

Membership Activities Member Meetings 2/yr -Atlanta,GA Fall 2000 Joint Techs Workshops ~ 4/yr Campus Networking Workshops Working Groups Internet2 Days Mailing Lists 4/10/2019

Internet2 Working Groups IPv6 Measurement Multicast Network Management Network Storage Quality of Service Routing Security Topology 4/10/2019

Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative NGI University-led Federal agency-led Developing education and research driven applications Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure Funding research testbeds and agency research networks Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative. Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications 4/10/2019

Technology Transfer Conduits Collaborating on advanced applications Deploying pre-commercial infrastructure and protocols Establishing expertise and human capital Large-scale proof of concept A primary goal of Internet2 is to ensure the rapid adoption of new capabilities in the global Internet. Internet2 Corporate Partners play an important role in ensuring these technologies are broadly deployed. The Internet2 community provides a way for new capabilities to be tested. Many of the students at universities take the experience and expertise they gain through their university’s participation in Internet2 with them when they move into the commercial world. 4/10/2019

Unanticipated Innovation Lesson of the Web Network growth and value are non-linear New technologies enable qualitatively different uses Users become innovators 4/10/2019

Advanced Networking on the Web www.internet2.edu www.internet2.edu/abilene/ www.ngi.gov www.vbns.net www.advanced.org/teleimmersion (National Teleimmersion Initiative) These URLs are pointers to more information about some of the topics in this presentation. 4/10/2019

For More Internet2 Information On the Web www.internet2.edu www.internet2.edu/html/lists.html Email info@internet2.edu lperlis@internet2.edu For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact info@internet2.edu directly by email. 4/10/2019

www.internet2.edu

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet As this diagram shows, we expect Internet2 to continue to support the partnerships that help new technologies and capabilities move from the research and development phase into commercial deployment. As further cycles of innovation and technology develop, Internet2 will continue to play this role. Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 4/10/2019 Source: Ivan Moura Campos