Warm Up Grab the halfsheet from the back and work on that please Remember, to use the terms on the back on the bottom

Agenda and Announcements Warm Up: Puritans and Pilgrims T-chart comparing Jamestown and Plymouth Notes: Labor in the 13 colonies 3 Regions Poster Announcements Unit 1 assessment/binder check September 12 Why did the colonists die? Due Sept 12

T-Chart Jamestown Plymouth Where settled? Why settlement? Who settles there? Important people Important events Important government stuff

Notes: Labor in the 13 Colonies Pull out a piece of paper

Indentured Servants Poor English, Wales, Scots Can’t get jobs Agree to work 5-7 years Considered property If they made it out of servitude, they were guaranteed Piece of land Supplies to start their own farm Not economical

Headright System

History through pictures Look at each picture with your group, and try and come up with a story that explains what is happening. Use context clues, background information, and prior knowledge to come up with your best guess at what is happening.

Background: Bacon’s Rebellion Nathanael Bacon was a wealthy, land-owning farmer living on the frontier of the Virginia Colony. He was having frequent violent encounters with the local Native Americans that were unhappy with his presence so close to their land. Bacon hated the Native Americans, he felt strongly that they all were the enemy. So, he decided to do something about it…….

Try again! Now, lets go step by step and find out what happened! Bacon’ Rebellion, the real story!

Background: Bacon’s Rebellion Nathanael Bacon was a wealthy, land-owning farmer living on the frontier of the Virginia Colony. He was having frequent violent encounters with the local Native Americans that were unhappy with his presence so close to their land. Bacon hated the Native Americans, he felt strongly that they all were the enemy. So, he decided to do something about it…….

Bacon felt that the local government (Governor William Berkley and the House of Burgess) should send troops to the frontier to protect his, and other farmers’, lands from the Native Americans. Bacon saw all Native Americans as enemies, and thus demanded that his government deal with the problem. He wanted Berkley to give him a commission (authority to lead soldiers) to attack the Native Americans. Berkley refused because he feared that this would ultimately lead to an all out war.

In 1675, when Berkeley denied Bacon a commission (the authority to lead soldiers), Bacon was furious. Bacon gathered 500 local farmers who shared his views that all Native Americans were the enemy. The make up of these men were varied, ranging from African slaves to indentured servants of European descent. Some were poor landless men, while others were wealthy plantation owners.

Bacon attracted a large following who, like him, wanted to kill or drive out every Indian in Virginia. In 1675, when Berkeley denied Bacon a commission (the authority to lead soldiers), Bacon took it upon himself to lead his followers in a crusade against the "enemy." They marched to a fort held by a friendly tribe, the Occaneechees, and convinced them to capture warriors from an unfriendly tribe. The Occaneechees returned with captured prisoners of war.

Nathanael Bacon and his followers betrayed the Native Americans that they had recruited to help them. They killed all the captured prisoners and all the Occaneechees.

Governor Berkeley declared Bacon a rebel and charged him with treason Governor Berkeley declared Bacon a rebel and charged him with treason. Just to be safe, the next time Bacon returned to Jamestown, he brought along fifty armed men. Bacon was still arrested, but Berkeley pardoned him instead of sentencing him to death, the usual punishment for treason. 

Still without the commission he felt he deserved, Bacon returned to Jamestown later the same month, but this time accompanied by five hundred men. Berkeley was forced to give Bacon the commission, only to later declare that it was void. Bacon, in the meantime, had continued his fight against Indians. When he learned of the Govenor's declaration, he headed back to Jamestown.

Each leader tried to muster support Each leader tried to muster support. Each promised freedom to slaves and servants who would join their cause. But Bacon's following was much greater than Berkeley's. In September of 1676, Bacon and his men returned to Jamestown and attacked the town.

The governor immediately fled, along with a few of his supporters, to Virginia's eastern shore. Bacon set fire to Jamestown.

Notes: Labor in the 13 Colonies Bacon’s rebellion Summarize what Nathaniel Bacon did Think about what causes it, big events during it, and then ultimately how it ends What do you think the impact will be on indentured servitude?

Bacon's Rebellion demonstrated that poor whites and poor blacks could be united in a cause. This was a great fear of the ruling class -- what would prevent the poor from uniting to fight them? This fear hastened the transition to racial slavery. Give land and some authority to poor whites and indentured servants (dominance over African slaves) and they forget that are still poor whites.

Slaves Slaves come to the New World New labor supply End indentured servitude (eventually) Provide labor force for plantations Cash Crops Tobacco Rice indigo

Reliance on slave labor Attempts to enslave Native Americans failed for both Spanish and British Indentured servants were cheaper, but not cost effective in the long run Slaves more expensive initially, but because they were not paid or granted their freedom ever it was more cost effective over time Many saw Africans’ black skin as a sign of inferiority As the southern colonies developed, it became obvious that a limited population would not provide free labor needed for shops and factories, similar to what had been developed in the New England and Middle colonies. The Southern colonies, with limited male population and very few cities and factories, lent themselves to reliance of slave labor over free labor and indentured servitude. While slaves were more costly in the short term, they tended to have more economic benefit in the long run. While an indentured servant would eventually be able to earn their freedom, a slave was a slave for the rest of their lives. In addition, any children that slave would bear would also be subject to a life of servitude.

Slave ship This diagram shows the typical layout of how slaves were packed in the hold of a slaving vessel. Comfort and safety took a distant second to ensuring that a sufficient number of slaves would survive the voyage, providing the slavers a profit for their work. Slaves were transported via ship for the long voyage from Africa to the New World. Slavers frequently chose to “tight-pack” their slave ships, often “layering” their cargo one over the other in a “spoon-style” fashion. As the voyage continued, and slaves were allowed to be brought on deck for short periods of time, some would jump overboard to drown or be eaten by sharks rather than suffer any further in the horrible conditions “tween decks”. More than 20% of the slaves captured in Africa died from disease, maltreatment, or injury as the ships made their way across the Atlantic.

3 regions