Emotion and Motivation Chapter 8 Emotion and Motivation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN: Explain the relationship between emotion and motivation Identify the 4 parts of the emotional process Distinguish the theories of emotion Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Emotion causes motivation Emphasizes arousal, both physical and mental Motivation: Emphasizes how this arousal becomes action Emotion causes motivation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Emotions A vital ingredient in making effective personal decisions But can spin out of control Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Emotions Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What Is Emotion? A four-part process consisting of … 1. physiological arousal of the body 2. cognitive interpretation of events and feelings…conscious and unconscious 3. subjective feelings brain senses state of arousal.. also memories of similar situations 4. behavioral expression emotions produce behavior….anger produces a middle finger Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

What Do Our Emotions Do For Us? Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Universal Emotional Expression Humans share a set of universal emotional expression This testifies to a common biological heritage anger sadness joy But all emotional expressions are not universal across cultures… culture influences emotional expression Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Real Smile Can you identify the social smile versus the genuine, “Duchenne” smile? Real smiles involve muscles around both the eyes and cheeks. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 A "real" smile raises the lips and causes "crow's feet" around the eyes Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Cultural Universals in Emotional Expression Display Rules Permissible ways of displaying emotions in a particular society For Example: Asian children taught to check emotions American children taught to express them Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

EKMAN’S SEVEN BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS People everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

PLUTCHIK’S EIGHT BASIC HUMAN EMOTIONS Joy Acceptance Fear Surprise Sadness Disgust Anger Anticipation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

The Nature of Emotions by Plutchik His three-dimensional model describes the relations among emotion concepts. The cone’s vertical dimension represents loss of intensity The circle represents degrees of similarity among the emotions. The 8 sectors are designed to indicate that there are 8 primary emotion dimensions defined by the theory arranged as 4 pairs of opposites.  Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I? Explain the relationship between emotion and motivation Identify the 4 parts of the emotional process Distinguish the theories of emotion Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007