Fig. 4. Plaque-associated microglia and astrocytes and brain cytokines were altered in APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice. Plaque-associated microglia.

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Fig. 4. Plaque-associated microglia and astrocytes and brain cytokines were altered in APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice. Plaque-associated microglia and astrocytes and brain cytokines were altered in APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice. (A, B, G, and H) High-resolution confocal images of Iba-1 (red)/6E10 (Aβ antibody; green)/DAPI (blue) or GFAP (red)/6E10 (green)/DAPI (blue) in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1;C3 KO mice. The inner ring indicates the proximal region of a plaque (that is, the center), whereas the outer ring indicates the distal region. Scale bars, 10 μm. (C, D, I, and J) Immunofluorescence intensities of Iba-1 and GFAP were lower in the Aβ plaque proximal area (C and I) and higher in the Aβ plaque distal area (D and J) in APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, unpaired t test; n = 6). (E, F, K, and L) The number of Iba-1– and GFAP-positive cells was reduced in the proximal plaque area in APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice (E and K) (*P < 0.05) and increased in the distal plaque area (F and L) (*P < 0.05, unpaired t test; n = 6). (M) Assay of cytokines by ELISA in mouse brain homogenates revealed reductions in tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and an increase in the IL-10/IL-12 ratio in 16-month-old APP/PS1;C3 KO mice compared to APP/PS1 mice (*P < 0.05, independent unpaired t test per marker followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; n = 8). KC-GRO, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) chemokines CXCL1/2, mouse homologues of human growth-regulated oncogenes (GRO). Qiaoqiao Shi et al., Sci Transl Med 2017;9:eaaf6295 Published by AAAS