MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW 1. – 65.

1. Name this protein. actin

2. Name this specific band. H Band

Fascicle (fasciculus) 3. Name this unit. Fascicle (fasciculus)

Myofiber (muscle cell) 4. Name this unit. Myofiber (muscle cell)

5. Name this protein. myosin

6. Name bluish CT layer. perimysium

7. Name this dark line. M line

8. Name these specific dark lines. Z line

9. Name these purple structures. mitochondria

10. Name this entire structure. myofiber

Sarcoplasmic reticulum 11. Name these blue structures. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

12. Name these yellow structures. Transverse tubules

13. Name this unit. triad

14. Name this entire unit; it is the smallest unit of a muscle contraction (red bracket). sarcomere

15. Name the cytoplasm inside sarcoplasm

16. Name this covering. muscle epimysium

2 3 17. Which is the crossbridge? 1 4 4

1 2 18. Which is in the contacted state? 2

19. What is the name of this myofilament? actin

20. What is the name of this molecule? ATP

21. What is the SPECIFIC role of this molecule in muscle contraction 21. What is the SPECIFIC role of this molecule in muscle contraction? Allows myosin to perform a(n)__________ so actin is pulled inward. power stroke

22. What is the name of the 3 purple protrin complex? troponin

23. What happens to the width of the A band during contraction? Stays the same

What condition are these muscles in? hypertrophy

25. What is represented by the green circles in this diagram? calcium

Sarcoplasmic reticulum 26. Where specifically is calcium stored in the muscle? Sarcoplasmic reticulum

27. What is the name of the gray molecule? tropomyosin

28. What is the other source for recharging the ATP battery in the muscles? (this compound is unique to muscles) Creatine phosphate

29. What is the specific function of calcium in a muscle contraction 29.What is the specific function of calcium in a muscle contraction? Calcium ions bind to_________ which causes a change in the conformation of the tropomyosin complex that exposes the myosin binding sites on the actin filament. troponin.

Sliding filament theory 30. What is this known as? Sliding filament theory

31. What is this set-up called? Motor unit

32. The products of aerobic respiration are water, ATP, and _____. Carbon dioxide

33. Name this red area shown by red arrow. Motor end plate

34. Name this yellow structure of which you see the end of. Motor neuron

35. Name these blue “containers”. Synaptic vescicles

36. What is the general name for the compound that is in these blue “containers”. neurotransmitter

37. Name these structures shown by red arrows. Transverse tubules

Neuromuscular junction 38. Name this entire area shown by bracket. Neuromuscular junction

39. During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____. troponin

40. This is a graph of a muscle contraction. What is it called? myogram

41. Name this blue part of a muscle twitch. Latent period

42. Name this red part of a muscle twitch. Contraction period Contraction period

43. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction? Treppe or summation

Tetanus (tetanic contraction) 44. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction?

45. Choose the type of muscular contraction shown below. isotonic

46. The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules myoglobin

47. Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt? Lactic acid

48. Would there be mostly slow twitch or fast twitch fibers in this part of your Thanksgiving Turkey? Fast twitch

49. The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____. Threshold stimulus

50. What type of muscle is found in these structures? Smooth muscle

51. A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen or head, that muscles can attach to is called what? aponeurosis

52. – 57. NAME THE MUSCULAR DISORDER/DISEASE.

52. state of muscular rigidity that begins 3-4 hours after death and lasts about 24 hours After death, Ca+2 ions leak out of the SR and allow myosin heads to bind to actin Since ATP synthesis has ceased, crossbridges cannot detach from actin until proteolytic enzymes begin to digest the decomposing cells. Rigor mortis

an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax 53. an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax cramp

54. a group of muscle-destroying deseases inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait; the muscle shrinks and no longer contracts Muscular dystrophy

55. This disorder causes extreme muscle fatigue It is an autoimmune disease - one's own  body makes antibodies against one’s own ACh receptors Myasthenia gravis

56. A bacteria from undercooked foods  produces a toxin which prevents ACh release at the N-M Junction The result is no muscle  stimulation and no muscle movement; results in paralysis and death   botulism

57. This bacterial disease heightens the chemical signal from the nerve to the muscle which causes the muscles to continuously tighten up in a huge continuous contraction or spasm.   tetanus

58. – 65. WRITE WHETHER EACH STATEMENT DESCRIBES SLOW TWITCH OR FAST TWITCH MUSCLES.

58. When your muscles hypertrophy, these are the fibers that get larger.  fast

59. These are red. slow

60. These are easily fatigued. fast

61. These are best in long slow sustained contractions.

62. These have more mitochondria. slow

63. These would be more prominent in marathon runners than sprinters. slow

64. These do not have the specialized myoglobin. fast

65. Would be more numerous in leg muscles that pectoral muscles. slow

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW THE END