Highway Safety Improvement Program

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Presentation transcript:

Highway Safety Improvement Program Basic Components

HSIP Basic Phases Planning and analysis What should we do? Implementation Do it. Evaluation Was it successful?

Planning and analysis Collect and Maintain data Identify hazardous locations to prioritize needs Conduct engineering studies 4) Establish project priorities

Planning and analysis 1. Collect and Maintain data a) Establish Location System … where are the crashes? Milepost Reference point Link-node Coordinates (GIS)

Planning and analysis Collect and Maintain data b) Types of data Crash data Forms and databases Spot maps Collision diagrams Traffic data Volumes, time of day Classification Highway system road types - classification pavement type and condition geometric conditions photologs, etc.

Planning and analysis 2) Identify hazardous locations to prioritize needs Techniques to consider … accident frequency accident rate accident severity rate-quality control hazard index EB ...

Planning and analysis Conduct engineering studies a) Conduct studies to identify contributing causes speed studies lane occupancy sight distance skid resistance lighting traffic control devices school crossing studies environment, etc.

Planning and analysis c) evaluate cost- effectiveness Conduct engineering studies b) Develop Countermeasures Evaluate cause-effect relationships Consider accident patterns c) evaluate cost- effectiveness Crash costs National Safety Council NHTSA DOT, others Crash reduction factors (CRF) or Accident Modification Factors (AMF or ARF) Many sources (with large variations) Cost effectiveness, B/C, ROR (rate of return), TOR (time of return), NB (net benefit), …

Planning and analysis 4) Establish project priorities Strategies ranking Incremental benefit-cost, programming

Implementation Initiate the selected programs GANTT charts PERT CPM MSS/DSS

Evaluation a) determine the effect of safety improvements (crashes) Experimental plan Before and after study at treatment sites Before and after study with control sites Comparative, parallel study Bayesian probability statistics, etc.

Evaluation b) perform non-accident evaluation changes in speed changes in conflicts other c) review administrative performance timely process? within budget?

Highway Safety Improvement Program Step Selected issues Other 1) Data Collection - Sample selection - Reference system - Adequacy of reporting procedures Strategies: Milepost reference, Link/node, coordinate system with GIS 2) Identify Hazardous locations Select “criterion” variables (totals, rates, critical rate, weights) - sections(minimum length) - spot (intersection/area) 3) Field study of primary sites geometrics, operations, environment (sight distance, pavement, lighting) and users 4) Develop solution alternatives (counter measures) - Design/construction? - Operations/maintenance? - Driver behavior changes? Research on crash reduction factors (CRFs) 5) Establish project priorities Basis: - Benefit/cost? - Equity across jurisdictions? - Few major vs many smaller projects? Tools: operations research models such as linear, integer or dynamic programming? 6) Schedule and implement Budget/Cost 7) Evaluate the projects - Before and after studies - Proxy variable analysis Are changes due to regression to the mean?; Are proxy variables relevant related to safety improvement?

Federal (FHWA) Highway Safety Improvement Program Core program of SAFETEA-LU Separately funded (Section 148) Requires Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) ID and analyze problems/opportunities ID projects and strategies Evaluate accuracy of data Prioritize improvements Hazard Elimination Safety (HES) program section 152 High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR) program Rail-Highway Grade Crossing program Section 130